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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pancreatic islets are where |
the cells of the endocrine pancrease live |
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the cells of the islet and their endocrine products are |
-alpha: glucagon -beta: insulin -delta: somatostatin -f cells: pancreatic polypeptide epsilon cells: ghrelin |
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increase in ghrelin does what |
increase appetite |
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exocrine pancrease (digestive) = |
acinus |
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most of the pancrase is made up of |
acinus or exocrine pancrease |
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what is made by exocrine pancrease |
sodium bicarboonate, amylase, trypsin (other protien enzymes) pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease and eoxyribonuclease |
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deoxyribonuclease does what |
enzyme that break down nucleic acids |
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pancreatic secretions do what |
neutralize stomack acid, inactivate pepsin released from stomach, and provide enzymes |
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three phases of digestion |
cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase |
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cephalic phase |
brain prepares body for a meal (salivation secretion, stimulates stomach ascid secretion)
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gastric phaes |
stomach wall stretches or ph increases, increase gastric motility and secretion of HCl, stomahc empties into duodenum as food is digested, hormonal regulation by gastrin secreted from g cells |
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intestinal phase |
chyme in duodenum, activation of enterogastric reflex, stretch receptors in duodenal wall signal medulla, medulla parasympathetic ach release from vagus, pastric mptility is down, increase tone in pyloric sphincter, cholecystokinin cck and secretin from dodenum |
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gastrin made by acts on action |
g cells of stomach stomach promote secretio nof gastric juices |
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cholecystokinin made by acts on action |
enterendocrine cells of small intest gallbaldder, brain, pancrease ejection of bile, opening of shpincter hepatopancreatic ampulla, more pancreatic juice, feel full |
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secretine made byacts on action |
enteroendocrine cells of duodenum pancrease more bicarb in pancreatic juice |
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glucose depended insulinotropic peptide or GIP made byacts on action |
enderoendocrine cells of duodenumand jejunum beta cells of pacratic islets increase secretion |
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histamine made byacts on action |
mast cells of lamina propria parietal cells of stmach acid secretion |
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somatostatin made byacts on action |
hypothalamus many digestive organs decrease exocrine pancrase and hormones, slow gastric empty time |
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motalin made byacts on action |
enteroendocrine cells of duodenum and jejunum, increase migrating myoelectric compex, increase pepsin, increase bowl mitility |
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segmenation |
alternating contraction and relaxation is called |
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peristalisis is controlled by |
rhythmic circuits in enteric nervous system |
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the myenteric plexus controls |
motor neurons innervation he longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the muscularis |
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the myenteric plexus also sends axons to |
submucosal plexus where motor neurons inervate the small, weak muscles that give the mucosal epithelium its wrinkles |
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both submucosal and menteric plexi recieve sensory info from |
gi tract |
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the gi gract secrete how many liters of fluid into gi tract every day |
6 |
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the small intestines absorb about how much water |
8 liters |
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how much water passes the ileocecal valve |
1 liter |
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three things cause diahrea |
chyme volume, chemical composisiton, osmolarity |
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digestion has two components |
mechanical, chemical |
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mechanical digestion involves all |
mixing, moving, churnninc, mashing ripping, |
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what in organs along gut tupe has folds and wrinkles to help in mixing process -stomach -small int -larg int |
rugae plicae circulares haustra |
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pepsin does what |
hydrolizes protein |
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pepsin is inactivated by ph above |
5 |
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enzymes that prefer near neutral ph are made in the what and released into |
pancrase and released into dodenum via hepaticpancreatic sphincter |
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digestive enzymes are also found along the |
brush border of the small intestine and predominate in teh small intestine |
