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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the infective stage of giardia?
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cyst
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where in the GI does the giardia troph live?
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duodenum
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does giardia invade host tissues?
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NO!
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describe the diarrhea seen w/ giardia infection
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explsoive watery diarrhea w/ malabsorption
but NO blood!!! |
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how is giardia transmitted?
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waterborne infection
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what type of diarrhea does entamoeba histolytica cause?
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bloody diarrhea
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what is the treatment for giardia?
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albendazole or metronidazole
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what is the main etiologic agent of dental caries?
what is a prominent secondary organism? |
main agent: streptococcus mutans
secondary: lactobacillus species |
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dental caries are increased by high consumption of what?
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sucrose
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define gingivitis.
is it reversible? |
inflammatory response limited to the marginal gingiva
yes, it is reversible |
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define periodontitis
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progressive inflammatory response, leading to loss of tooth support due to bone resorption & possibly abscess formation
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what ecological shift in bacteria occurs w/ periodontal disease?
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shift from gram + facultative organisms to gram – anaerobes
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what bacteria causes yellow colored sulfur granules?
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actinomyces israelii
they look like sand, so to remember it think: "Israel has yellow sand" |
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what is the causative organism of thrush?
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thrush = oral candidiasis
caused by candida albicans |
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what is the unique diagnostic feature of candida albicans?
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germ tubes
not all species of candida produce germ tubes, but candida does |
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how is HSV-1 transmitted?
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- vesicular fluid
- saliva - vaginal secretions |
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what is the tzanck smear used to diagnose?
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herpes simplex virus
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what diseases does coxsackie A cause?
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herpangina
hand-foot-and-mouth disease |
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how is coxsackie A spread?
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fecal-oral route
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what is the cause of traveler's diarrhea?
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enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
think of T for Traveler |
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what are the complications of EHEC (O157:H7)?
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hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) - acute renal failure w/ poor prognosis
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which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
which are transmitted parenterally? |
fecal-oral: hepatitis A & E
parenteral: hepatitis B, C, D |
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which hepatitis viruses have vaccines available?
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Hepatitis A vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine for hepatitis D, use the hepatitis B vaccine |
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which hepatitis viruses have the possibility of a chronic carrier state?
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hepatitis B, C, D
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