Module 17 1-5

Front 1

four processes carried out by respiratory system

Back 1

1 pulmonary ventilation: moving air into and out of lungs

2 external respiration: exchange of gases at the alveoli of the lungs

3 transport of respiratory gases to the tissue

4internal respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue

Front 2

structures of upper respiratory tracts

Back 2

nose, paranasal sinuses and pharynx

Front 3

what separates upper and lower respiratory tracts

Back 3

larynx

Front 4

lower respiratory tract structures

Back 4

trachea, bronchi and lungs

Front 5

after air goes through nose,

Back 5

scroll-like bones make up nasal conchae whic are lined by mucous membrane. Air is moisturized, filtered.

Front 6

increased surface area and mixing of air enhances what?

Back 6

olfaction

Front 7

what serve as chambers that resonate sound as we speak

Back 7

sinuses

Front 8

is a passageway for air, liquids and solids

Back 8

pharynx

Front 9

devision of pharynx

Back 9

masopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Front 10

masopharynx funtion

Back 10

eustachian tubes (auditory), houses the pharyngeal tonsils

Front 11

oropharynx function

Back 11

houses the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

Front 12

laryngopharynx function

Back 12

respiratory and digestive function

Front 13

voice box

Back 13

lanrynx

Front 14

what connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea

Back 14

larynx

Front 15

floating, u shpaed bone in anterior of neck

Back 15

hyoid bone

Front 16

sorting paddle that detects and responds to material entering the oropharynx

Back 16

epiglottis

Front 17

food or water goes to

Back 17

esophagus

Front 18

if gas is breathed in,

Back 18

it goes from epiglottis into larynx and thrachea

Front 19

initial segment of respiratory system

Back 19

trachea

Front 20

glottis

Back 20

opeing of the larynx, vocal chords, opeing between chords

Front 21

men have lower voices becuase

Back 21

effects of androgens during puberty thickening and elongating vocal cords

Front 22

nine pieces of cartilage that make up larynx

Back 22

thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid

paired: arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

Front 23

leaf shaped piece of hyaline cartilage that closes over the larynx when food or liquids are swalloed

Back 23

epiglottis

Front 24

influences changes in position and tension of the vocal folds

Back 24

arytenoid

Front 25

corniculate and cuneiform

Back 25

support the vocal folds

Front 26

posterior surface of the trachea is shared with the

Back 26

esophagus

Front 27

the trachea divides into

Back 27

the right and left primary bronchi

Front 28

the trachea divides into primary bronchi at the

Back 28

carina

Front 29

how many secondary bronchus per lung

Back 29

left lung: 2

right lung: 3

one for each lobe

Front 30

bronchi enter at the

Back 30

hilum along with blood vessels

Front 31

secondary bronchi furthur branch to form

Back 31

bronchioles

Front 32

bronchioles divide into

Back 32

several alveolar ducts

Front 33

alveolar ducts end in

Back 33

alveoli

Front 34

alveoli provide what

Back 34

a large surface area for the exchange of gases

Front 35

serous membrane consists of

Back 35

areolar connective tissue covered by simple squamous epithelium

Front 36

if membrane becomes inflamed a condition called

Back 36

pleurisy occurs

Front 37

pleurisy causes

Back 37

friction between layers of membrane

Front 38

exess fluid may accumulated in the pleural caivity due to inflammation, difficult to breath

Back 38

pleural effusion

Front 39

muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic caivity, powers breathing

Back 39

diaphragm

Front 40

contraction of diaphragm cauese

Back 40

enlarges the thoracic cavity enhabling inhalation

Front 41

diaphragm responsible for

Back 41

75% of air that enteres the lungs during quiet breathing

Front 42

phrenic nerve originates from spinal cord at levels

Back 42

c3-c5

Front 43

"c3, 4 and 5

Back 43

keep the diaphragm alive"

Front 44

phrenic nerve distributes over the superior surface of

Back 44

diaphragm

Front 45

when what is stimulated, contraction of the diaphragm

Back 45

phrenic nerve

Front 46

sympathetic causes

Back 46

dilation of bronchial smooth muscle

Front 47

cells and nerves of sympathetic nervous system

Back 47

-preganglionic cell bodies in intermediate horn of t1-t4 spinal cord

-postganglionic cell bodies in sympathetic chain ganglia

-nerves from pumonary plexus in hilum and lung

Front 48

parasympathetic inervation via

Back 48

vagus nerve

Front 49

acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released during

Back 49

parasympathetic response

Front 50

structures of conductiong zone

Back 50

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiles, and terminal bronchioles

Front 51

structures of respiratory zone

Back 51

respiratory bronchiles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Front 52

after air enters nose or mouth air must

Back 52

travel down pharynx, through larynx, and down trachea

Front 53

air travels through trachea and make right or left turn at

Back 53

primary bronchus

Front 54

bronchiles end in the basic unit of the lung

Back 54

lobule

Front 55

each lobule contains a

Back 55

lymphatic vessel, arteriole, venule, and a branch from a terminal bronchile

Front 56

terminal broncioles subdivide into tiny

Back 56

respiratory bronchioles

Front 57

epithelium of trachea and bronchi is

Back 57

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 58

mucus and cilia form

Back 58

mucociliary escalator which brings dust and other particles out of the lungs and into the pharynx to be swallowed

Front 59

bronchi and bronchioles are ringed by

Back 59

smooth muscle

r

Front 60

smooth muscle that ring bronchi do what

Back 60

regulates the diameter of the conductiong airways

Front 61

type 1 alveolar cells form a thin

Back 61

alveolar-capillary membrane in collaboration with capillary endothelial cells

Front 62

type ii alveolar cells

Back 62

secrete surfactant

Front 63

what englulf large particles and inaders then ride the mucociliary escalator out of the lungs

Back 63

alveolar macrophages

Front 64

thin membrane that allows for easy diffusion of gasses

Back 64

alveolar capillary membrane