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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ESCAPE
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may be used with the LIKE operator for a comparison involving the literal version of one of these two special characters, in their literal form. Example: WHERE name LIKE '%\_Simpson' ESCAPE '\'; This means don't treat this underscore the same way we treat the other underscore. The slash is an escape character. Another example: WHERE column1 LIKE "110\%" escape "\";
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ORDER BY
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The is a clause within the SELECT statment/clause. Required to guarantee desired order. Can order by column name, column name alias, interger representing position of sort-by column in SELECT statement, an SQL expression [e.g.(y-mean(y))**2] Defalut order is ascending (Missing values come first). Add DESC after column name to specify descending. syntax: ORDER BY DESC, order by item DESC. replaces the need to proc sort before printing in some cases
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Where is the PROc SQL mistake? proc sql data=orion.emplyee-donations
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"data=" not needed
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Where is the PROc SQL mistake? SELECT employee_id Qtr1
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needs a comman inbetween columns names
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Where is the PROc SQL mistake? order by then where
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Where clause comes before order by clause
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short form for DESCENDING
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DESC
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fcn(col1, col2, col3)
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action performed across non-missing columns. If there is a column with no data, it will be ignored
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fcn(col1)
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action performed down non-missing rows
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avg in SQL is what in SAS?
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mean
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count in SQL is what in SAS?
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freq
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max, min, sum in SQL is what in SAS?
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max, min, sum
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how to create a column name on a new calculation?
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need to define with "as
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what is happenning here? ORDER BY 6 DESC 1; |
this will order the report by the sixth column named in the SELECT statement/clause in descending order then by the first column named in the SELECT statment/clause in ascending order |
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add a label
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SELECT col1, col2, col3 label='max donation' This will define a label for col3
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add a format
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SELECT col1, col2, col3 format=dollar5. This will set a format for col3
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COUNT
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returns the number of rows returned by a query. syntax: select count(*) as Count label='Employee Count" from..... Only one column or no columns are allowed to operate the count function. You could also put an asterisk inside the column
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DISTINCT with COUNT
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returns the number of non-missing distinct values of a column returned by a query
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GROUP BY
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group data based on the values of one or more columns. calculate statistics for each distinct value of the grouping columns. syntax: GROUP BY
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