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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neuropharmacology |
How drugs affect the function of the central nervous system (CNS) |
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neurotransmitter |
chemical signalling sent to the next neuron after receiving an action potential signal |
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start of information transfer |
begins at the denrite |
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synapse |
information transfer between two neutrons once an action potential reaches the pre-synaptic nerve terminal |
definition |
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synaptic cleft |
space between the two communicating neurons |
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pre-synaptic nerve vs. post-synaptic nerve |
post-synaptic neuron has neural transmitters bound to it pre-synaptic neuron contain vesicles that contain neurotransmitters |
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Classes of neurotransmitters |
1.Monoamines 2.Amino acids 3.Other (acetylcholine) |
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Types of Monoamines |
norepinephrine epinephrine dopamine seratonin |
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Types of Amino Acids (neurotransmitters) |
1. excitatory - glutamate/aspartate 2.inhibitory -GABA/glycine |
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In Parkinson's, dopaminergic neurons are lost where? |
Substantia nigra of the brain |
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What is the cause of the movement disorders observed in PD?
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GABA |
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2 types of loss of effect |
Wearing off (gradual) On-off (abrupt) |
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Ways to prevent wearing off |
1.shorten drug intervals 2.give drug that inhibits L-Dopa metabolism (COMT inhibitor) 3.add dopamine agonists to therapy |
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Ways to prevent on-off |
1.divide medication to 3-6 doses/day 2.using controlled release formulas 3.moving protein-containing meals to the evening |
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Alzheimer's disease |
Progressive degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex |
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Hallmarks of Alzheimer's brain sample |
Neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques |
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Neurofibrillary tangles |
Abnormal production of Tau (responsible for proper organization of cross bridges btw microtubules in the nerve) - Microtubule arrangements are disrupted |
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Neuritic plaques |
Found outside of neurones Composed of beta amyloid - shown to kill hippocampal cells (tested in monkeys) |
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Positive Symptoms (Schizophrenia) |
Exaggerate or distort normal neurological function |
Definition |
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Positive symptom examples |
Combativeness Hallucinations Agitation Paranoia Delusions Disorganized Speech Disorganized thinking |
7 examples CHAPDDD |
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Negative symptom examples |
Social withdrawal Poverty of Speech Poor Self care poor insight Poor judgement Emotional Withdrawal Blunted affect Lack of motivation |
8 Examples SPPPPEBL |
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Negative symptoms (schizophrenia) |
Loss of normal neurological function |
Definition |
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6 brain regions involved in schizophrenia |
1) Occipital Lope 2) frontal cortex 3) Basal ganglia 4) hippocampus 5) Limbic system* 6) Auditory system |
FLAB HO |
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Occipital Lobe |
Visual information improper interpretation of images/ reading others facial expressions/ recognizing motion |
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Auditory system |
Hearing - overactivity contributes to hallucination |
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Hippocampus |
Involved in learning and memory -decreased in schizophrenic patients |
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Frontal lobe |
Problem solving and insight
-difficulty planning actions and organizing thoughts |
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Limbic system |
Dealing with emotions Contributes to agitation |
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Basal Ganglia |
movement and emotions paranoia/ hallucinations |
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