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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many branches of Gov’t did the Constitution establish?
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Three
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What was the predecessor to the Constitution?
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The Articles of Confederation |
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Where are all federal level laws enacted?
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Congress
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In which article of the Constitution is the power to raise taxes found?
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Article 1
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What occurs when Congress is not in session and the President doesn’t sign a properly presented, enrolled bill within ten days?
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Pocket Veto
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How frequently does Congress review the DoD budget request?
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Annually
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Approximately what percent of total Federal spending is discretionally spending? |
Thirty-four percent (34%)
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Which branch of Gov’t implements laws? |
Executive Branch
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Which branch of Gov’t is authorized to raise taxes and borrow money?
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Legislative Branch (Congress) |
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What is the name of the committee that attempts to resolve differences between House and Senate versions of a bill? |
Conference Committee, sometimes referred to as “the Third Chamber” |
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Which agency issues directions for use by other agencies in submitting their budget estimates?
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Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
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What term is used to describe a subdivision of an apportionment? |
Allotment
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What type of legislation provides an agency with budget authority? |
Appropriation Acts provide budget Authority enter into obligations that will result in outlays |
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What agency issues apportionments? |
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
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Which branch of Gov’t conducts hearings on the effectiveness of Gov’t programs? |
Legislative Branch (Congress)
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In the Federal budget process, which organizations actually prepares budget estimates? |
Federal Agencies
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What is the largest single source of Federal Gov’t tax revenues? |
Individual Income Taxes (43% in FY 2012) |
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What are requests for funds in addition to amounts already appropriated called? |
Supplemental
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What financial control document is issued by the Treasury Dept following signature of the Appropriations Act? |
Appropriation Warrant
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What term describes a postponement in the use of appropriated funds? |
Deferral
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What term describes a cancellation of appropriated funds?
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Rescission
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After the DoD Appropriation Bill is signed into law, what does DoD request from OMB? |
Apportionment
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An administrative reservation of funds is known as what? |
Commitment |
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Article1, Section 8, Clause 1, of the US Constitution empowers which element of the Federal Gov’t to collect taxes?
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The Legislative Branch |
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What gives a Federal agency the legal authority to operate a program?
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Authorization Legislation |
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What’s the genesis of the US Federal legislative process? |
Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 Articles of Confederation ratified 3/1/1781 Constitution ratified by 9 states June 1788 Constitution took effect March 4, 1789 |
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What did the Articles of Confederation accomplish?
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Were explicit in guarding the independence of the States; Did not provide for a Federal chief executive orjudicial system |
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What’s the principle of separation of power among the executive, legislative, andjudicial branches? |
Separation of power prevents Congress and the President from unilaterally making laws and treaties. Checks and balance between the authorities.
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The Constitution defines three fundamental law of the US Federal Government, whatare they? |
*Setting forth the 3 principal branches of the Federal Gov’t *Outlining their jurisdictions *Propounding the basic rights of the US citizens |
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What is the essential principle of the Constitution? |
The Gov’t must be confined to the rule of law |
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What article states that Congress shall have the authority “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution [the various powers allotted to the Federal Government by the Constitution]? |
Article1, Section 8
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What is the preamble of the Constitution? |
We the People of the US, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, Insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the USA .
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Article I gives the Legislative Branch which law-making powers? |
Raise taxes, Borrow Money Regulate commerce, Conscript forces, Declare War, Raise and support armies |
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What does Article 1 Legislative Branch Section 7 state? |
“All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.” Remember taxation! |
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What does Article 1 Legislative Branch Section 8 state? |
“To constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme court” Senate |
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What does Article 1 Legislative Branch Section 9 state? |
“No money shall be drawn from theTreasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by law; and a regularstatement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall bepublished from time to time.” Congressional Power of the Purse |
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Article II gives the Executive Branch which Executive powers to the President? |
Commander-in-chief; Execute laws |
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Article III gives the Judicial Branch which Powers to the Courts? |
*Supreme Court, *Inferior Courts established by Congress, *Interpret laws |
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What does Article III Judicial Branch Section I state? |
“The Judicial Power of the US, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and Inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their services acompensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.” |
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What does Article III Judicial Branch Section I state? |
Supreme court has final ruling authority |
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Legislative Process - Bills are generated where? |
Legislative proposals originating in House or Senate
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Legislative Process - Resolution consists of what? |
Joint, Concurrent, Simple |
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Legislative Process - Origins of Legislation begin with what processes? |
Recommendations of President, Introduced by Members Introduced by Committees
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Legislative Process convenes for how many years and consists of how many sessions?
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A new Congress convenes for two years following the November general elections, it consists of two sessions, each one year in duration.
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Legislative Process Bills – how are they written? |
House bills are prefaced with HR - H.R. 100 Senate are prefaced with S - S.100 |
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JointResolution bills originate where? |
May originate in either House of Representatives or Senate H.J. Res followed by #; S.J. Res Followed by # |
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What is the Concurrent Resolution process?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
On approval by both the HR and Senatethey are signed by the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate H.Con.Res and S.Con.Res |
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What is an example of a concurrent resolution?
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The Concurrent Budget Resolution |
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True or False A simple resolution is presented to the President for action? |
False |
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What are the Origins of Legislation?
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Recommended by the Pres; Introduced by members; Introduced by committees |
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What is a public hearing? |
Where the committee members hear witnesses representing various views points on the measure
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What is a “hopper?”
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Any member of the Congress who introduces a bill at any time while their Chamber is in session. Sponsor’s signature is placed on bill.
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Definition of “mark up” session?
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After hearings are completed, the bill is considered in session
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What is the Consideration by Committee?
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The subcommittee on Defense holds hearings, drafts a bill, and forwards the proposed bill to the full Appropriations Committee
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Whatis an “engrossed bill?”
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After a bill has passed one body (House or Senate) *note remember engrossed before enrolled when bill goes to Congress (alphabetically)
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What does SAC mean?
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The Senate Appropriations Committee (SAC)
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What are Presidential Actions to<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Approve or Veto bills? |
Approve and sign Does not sign but allows bill tobecome law Pocket Veto Veto |
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What are the three phases of the Budget Cycle?
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Budget Formulation Congressional Action Budget Execution |
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The Budget formulation process is governed by?
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OMB Circular A-11 *circular goes to all heads of agencies as early as 21 months prior to the FY in which the budget will be executed |
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What are the six major steps in the budget formulation phase laid out in OMBCircular A-11?
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1. OMBissues guidance 2. Organization develops draft 3. Agency submits budget estimates to OMB 4. OMB holds hearings on Agency budgets 5. Pres makes final decisions onagency budgets 6. Pres transmits the budget toCongress |
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When is the budget due from the President back to Congress?
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On the 1s tMonday of February
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What does PPBE stand for?
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Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution
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What does QDR stand for?
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Quadrennial Defense Review
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Another name for joint review
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Fall review – occurs during the Sept-Dec period
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When does the USD(C) submit the DoD budget request to OMB?
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<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
Mid-January of the following yr so that OMB can consolidate the DoD request into the President’s Budget submitted to Congress no later than the 1st Mon in Feb. |
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What is the OMB Passback? |
The results of the OMB review of the agency budget are provided to the Agency in aletter from the OMB Director to the head of the Agency.
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What can the OMB Passback do?
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Change funding for ind. Programs Reduce/increase overall funding Direct funding be added Can be appealed to Pres by Agency Head |
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Federal Budget Process - Congressional Action Phase does what? |
*Conducts budget hearings *Passes concurrent budget resolutionwhich sets a ceilingfor each of the appropriation bills *Processes authorizing legislation,which authorizes or allows programs to exist *Passes appropriations, which provide funding for programs |
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What is the OMB Passback?
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The results of the OMB review of the agency budget are provided to the Agency in aletter from the OMB Director to the head of the Agency.
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What resulted from the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974?
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Congress focuses on overall budget totals and relates individual appropriation actions to one another within a general set of spend priorities.
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What resulted from the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974?
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A new budget committee was established in each hours and a new, professionally staffed Congressional Budget Office (CBO) was also established.
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What resulted from the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974?
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The fiscal year shifted from July 1 thru June 30 to Oct 1 thru Sept 30. This action was designed to give Congress additional time to complete action on the Fed Budget |
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What three processes are associated with the congressional action phase?
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The Budget Resolution Process, The Authorization Process, The Appropriation Process
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Are dates kept when Congress is making laws?
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No, Unless specified in law or congressional rules, dates shown are “target dates”and are seldom met.
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What is “scorekeeping” and which congressional action phase does it occur in?
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Budget Resolution Process Process of estimating the budgetary effects of pending legislation and comparing them to a baseline such as a budget resolution or to any limits that may be set in law. |
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Who manages the Budget Resolution Step and what does it do?
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The House and Senate budget committees who use the analysis provided by the CBO as well as views and estimates regarding the funding for their programs.
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What article and section addresses public debt? |
Article1, Section 8, gives Congress the power to “borrow money on the credit of the United States
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What does the Concurrent Budget Resolution do?
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Used to develop a joint explanatory statement includes estimated allocation of the budget total to each committee
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What does the Authorization Process cover?
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Generally, the authorization process does not give an agency the authority to obligate funds or permit the withdrawal of funds for the US Treasury; only the appropriation act permits those actions.
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What is the National Defense Authorization Bill?
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Authorizes/allows programs to exist and provides recommended funding levels and policy for Defense Budget authority, procurement quantities, end strength and military construction
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What does the Appropriations Process cover?
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The 3rd step-Appropriation bills are prepared for adoption each year toprovide the budget authority to operate the entire govt
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Who manages the Appropriations Process? |
HAC and SAC for the entire federal govt
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What does HAC mean?
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The House Appropriations Committee (HAC)
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How many subcommittees are in the HAC and SAC and how many annual appropriationsbills are they responsible for?
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Twelve
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Examples of Appropriations subcommittees that directly impact DoD
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Energy and Water Development Defense MilCon, VA, and Related Agencies
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When are reviews on DoD funding conducted? |
Annually
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Definition of Budget Amendments
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Estimates transmitted to Congress that amend(revise) budget estimates transmittedpreviously and on which Congress has not completed action.
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Definitionof Supplemental Requests
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Normally transmitted to Congress as requests to provide funds in addition to amounts already appropriated (in execution) for the ongoing fiscal year.
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Definition of Continuing Resolution (Temporary Appropriation acts) Stop gap |
*Avail of funds can be extended by Congress *Extensions may run beyond session of Congress *Portions can continue for entire fiscal year *Dissolve when reg appropriation is enacted |
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Roles in DoD Budget for Budget Resolution |
*House Budget Committee *Senate Budget Committee *House and Senate Budget Committees prepare the Concurrent Budget Resolution |
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Roles in DoD Budget for Authorization |
*House Armed Services Committee (HASC) *Senate Armed Services Committee(SASC) *HASC and SASC conduct hearings and draft and submit the Natl Defense Authorization Bills that authorize programs to exist |
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Roles in DoD Budget for <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Appropriations |
House Appropriations Committee (HAC) Senate Appropriations Committee (SAC) *HAC and SAC conduct hearings anddraft and submit the Appropriations Bills that provide budget authority for theGovt |
