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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ideals that a person feels are important such as knowledge, wealth, financial security, marital fedelity, and health.
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Values
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A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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Health defined by WHO
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A full and balanced integration of all aspects of health including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual.
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Wellness
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Factors that motivate behavior
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Human Needs
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What are the five hierarchy of human needs in order?
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1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety and security 3. Love and belonging 4. Esteem and self-esteem 5. Self-Actualization |
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A State of discomfort
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Illness
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Incidence of a specific disease, disorder, or injury. Refers to the rate or number of people affected.
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Morbidity
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Incidence of deaths from a particular disease or condition.
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Mortality
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Illness that comes on suddenly and last a short time
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Acute
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Ill effects that result from permanent or progressive organ damage caused by a disease or its treatment
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sequelae
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Illness that comes on slowly and lasts a long time
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Chronic
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Illness in which there is no potential for cure.
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Terminal
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Illness that develops independently of any other disease
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Primary
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Disorder that develops from a preexisting condition
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Secondary Illness
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The disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease.
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Remission
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Reactivation of a disorder, or one that reverts from chronic to an acute state.
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Exacerbation
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Disorder acquired from the genetic codes of one or both parents.
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Hereditary Condition
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Disorders present at birth but which are the result of faulty embryonic development and cannot be genetically predicted.
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Congenital Disorders
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Reactivation of a disorder, or one that reverts from chronic to an acute state.
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Exacerbation
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Illness whose cause is unexplained
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Idiopathic Illness
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Network of available health services
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Health Care System
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Disorder acquired from the genetic codes of one or both parents.
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Hereditary Condition
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Disorders present at birth but which are the result of faulty embryonic development and cannot be genetically predicted.
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Congenital Disorders
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Illness whose cause is unexplained
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Idiopathic Illness
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Network of available health services
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Health Care System
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Health services provided by the first health care professional or agency a person contacts.
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Primary Care
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Health services to which primary caregivers refer clients for consultation and additional testing
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Secondary Care
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Health services provided at hospitals or medical centers where complex technology and specialist are available
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Tertiary Care
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Services that meet the health needs of clients who no longer require acute hospital care
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Extended Care
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A federal program that finances health care costs of persons 65 and older, permanently disabled workers of any age and their dependents, and those with end-stage renal disease.
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Medicare
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A state administered program disigned to meet the needs of low-income residents
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Medicaid
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A classification system used to group clients with similar diagnoses.
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diagnostic-related group (DRG)
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Private insurers who carefully plan and closely supervise the distribution of their clients' health care services
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Managed Care Organizations
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Corporations that charge preset, fixed, yearly fees in exchange for providing health care for their members
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Health maintenance Organizations
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Agents for health insurance companies that control health care costs on the basis of competition
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Preferred Provider Organizations
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A payment system in which a preset fee per member is paid to a health care provider
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Capitation
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Networks that provide a full range of health care services in a highly coordinated, cost-effected manner
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Integrated delivery systems
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Personnel who care for clients directly
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Nursing Team
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Pattern in which each nurse on a client unit is assigned specific tasks
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Functional Nursing
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Pattern in which one nurse manages all the care a client or group of clients needs for a designated period of time
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Case Method
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Pattern in which nursing personnel divide the clients into groups and complete their care together
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Team Nursing
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Pattern in which the admitting nurse assumes responsibility for planning client care and evaluating the clients progress
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Primary Nursing
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Pattern in which a nurse manager plans the nursing care of clients based on their type of case or medical diagnoses
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Nurse-Managed Care
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Maintenance of health care from one level to another and from one agency to another
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Continuity of care
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Concepts that a person holds to be true.
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Beliefs
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The sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health. How a person feels in "whole".
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Holism
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Changes with the potential to disturb equilibruim
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Stressors
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A relatively stable state of physiologic equilibruim; staying the same.
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Homeostasis
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Holism is the foundation of what two commonly held beliefs?
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1. Both the mind and body directly influence humans
2. The relationship between the mind and body can potentially sustain health as well as cause illness |
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How an organism responds to change
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Adaptation
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Chemical messangers synthesized in the neurons that allow communication across the synaptic cleft between neurons
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Neurotransmitters
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The mechanism for controlling hormone production that can be either negative or positive
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Feedback Loop
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The physiologic and behavioral responses to disequilibruim
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Stress
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Collective physiologic processes that occur in response to a stressor
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General Adaption syndrome
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Stress-Reduction activites selected consciously that help people deal with stress-provoking events or situations
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Coping Strategies
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Unconscious tactics to defend the phyche
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Coping Mechanisms
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Living animals or plants visible only with a microscope, commonly called germs
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Microorganisms
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Harmless, beneficial microorganisms
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nonpathogens or normal flora
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Microorganisms that cause illness
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pathogens
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Diseases that can be transmitted to other people
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Communicable Diseases
Contagious Diseases Community-acquired Diseases |
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Single-celled microorganisms
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Bacteria
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Bacteria that require oxygen
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Aerobic
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Bacteria that does not require oxygen
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anaerobic bacteria
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The smallest microorganisms known to cause infectious diseases
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Viruses
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Yeast, Molds, Can be superficial, intermediate, and systemic.
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Fungi
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Resemble bacteria but cannot survive outside another living species
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Rickettsiae
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Single-celled animals classified according to their ability to move
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Protozoans
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Lack a cell wall; assume various shapes
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Mycoplasmas
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Infectious worms. Three major groups.
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Helminths
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Roundworms
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nematodes
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tapeworms
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cestodes
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flukes
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trematodes
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A protein containing no cucleic acid.
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Prions
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What is the chain of infection?
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1. An infectious Agent
2. Reservoir for growth and reproduction 3. An exit route from the reservoir 4. A mode of transmission 5. A port of entry 6. A susceptible host |
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infectious disorders amoung people with compromised health
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Opportunistic Infections
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Sequence that enables the spread of disease-producing microorganims
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Chain of Infection
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A temporarily inactive microbial life forum that can resist head and destructive chemicals and survive without moisture.
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Spore
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A place where microbes grow and reproduce
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Reservoir
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How microbes escape from their original reservoir and move about
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Exit Route
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How infectious microorganisms move to another location
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Mode of Transmission
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Where microorganisms find their way onto or into a new host, facilitating their relocation
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Port of entry
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Anatomic or physiologic methods that stop microbes from causing an infectious disorder.
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Biologic defense mechanisms
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The last link in the chain of infection is one who biologic defense mechanisms are weakened in some way.
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sustible host
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Infections acquired while a person is receiving care in a health care facility
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nosocomial infections
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Those practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents, their reservoirs, and vehicles for transmission.
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Asepsis
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Those practices that confine or reduce the numbers of microorganisms.
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Medical Asepsis
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Chemicals that destroy or suppress the growth of infectious microbes.
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Antimicrobial Agents
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Inhibit the growth of, but do not kill, microbes. Alcohol
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Antiseptics
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Destroy active microbes but not spores.
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Disinfectants
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An aseptic practice that involves scrubbing the hands with soap, water, and friction.
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Handwashing
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Generally non-pathogens constantly present on the skin
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Resident Microorganisms
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Pathogens picked up during brief contact with contaminated reservoirs.
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Transient Microorganisms
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The removal and destruction of transient microorganisms without soap and water
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Hand antisepsis
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Performed before donning sterile gloves and garments when the nurse is actively involved in an operation or obstetric procedure.
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Surgical Scrub
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Measures that keep the client environment clean on a daily basis
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Concurrent Disinfection
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More thorough than concurrent disinfection and consists of measures used to clean the client environment after discharge
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Terminal Disinfection
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Measures that render supplies and equipment totally free of microbes
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Surgical Asepsis
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Practices that avoid contaminating microbe-free items.
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Sterile Technique
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Consists of physical and chemical techniques that destroy all microbes including spores
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Sterilization
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A work area free of microbes
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Sterile Field
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Extent of dangerousness
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Virulence
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Measures that reduce or eliminate microbes
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Aseptic Techniques
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Number of viral copes
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Viral Load
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Measures that prevent accidents or unintentional injuries
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Safety
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Objectives designed to reduce the incidence of injuries to those being cared for in health agencies
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National Patient Safety Goals
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Potientially dangerous conditions in the physical surroundings
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Environmental hazards
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Allergic response to the proteins in latex
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Latex sensitivity
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Room stocked with latex-free equipment and wiped clean of glove powder
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Latex-Free environment
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A skin injury caused by flames, hot liquids, or steam and the most common form of burn.
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Thermal Burn
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Inability to breathe due to obstruction, drowning, or inhalation of noxious gases such as smoke or carbon monoxide.
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Asphyxiation
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Condition in which fluid occupies the airway and interferes with ventilation
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Drowning
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Discharge of electricity through the body
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Electric Shock
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A harmless distribution of low-amperage electricity over a large area of the body.
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Macroshock
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A low voltage but high-amperage electricity
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Microshock
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Injury caused by the ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of a toxic substance.
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Poisoning
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Protective or adaptive devices that promote client safety and postural support but that the client can release independently
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Restraint Alternatives
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Methods of restricting a persons freedom of movement, physical activity, or normal access to his or her body.
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Restraints
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Procedure followed by if there is a fire
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Fire Plan
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Diseases spread from one person to another
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Infectious Diseases
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A condition that results when microorganisms cause injury to a host
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Infection
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Condition in which microorganisms are present but the host does not manifest any signs or symptoms
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Colonization
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Physical measures designed to curtail the spread of infectious diseases
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Infection control precautions
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Measures for reducing the risk for microbes transmission from both recongnized and unrecognized sources.
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Standard Precautions
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Measures that reduce the risk for transmitting airborne infectious agents
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Airborne Precautions
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An individually fitted for each caregiver that can filter particles 1 micron with an efficiency of 95% or more.
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N95 Respirator
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An alternative if a caregiver has not been fitted for an N95 or has facial hair of facial deformity that prevents a tight seal with a N95
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Powered Air Purifying Resirator (PAPR)
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Measures that block pathogens within moist droplets larger than 5 microns
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Droplet Precautions
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Garments that block the transfer of pathogens from one person, place, or object to oneself or others
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Measures used to block the transmission of pathogens by direct or indirect contact
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Contact Precautions
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An infection control measure in which one bag of contaminated items, such as trash or laundry, is place within another
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Double Bagging
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Measures for controlling the spread of infectious agents, from clients known to be or suspected of being infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens
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Transmission-based Precautions
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Infections that are considered highly dangerous for all age groups
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Hyperendemic infections
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