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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Le Chatelier’s Principle |
A principle stating that if a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium,the equilibrium will shift to counteract the stress |
stress |
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Law of Mass Action |
At a given temperature, the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants |
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Law of Definite Proportion |
It states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass |
also known as Proust’s Law |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
It states that during a chemical reaction, matters is neither created nor destroyed, in any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants must equal to the total mass of the products |
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Solid Shape, Volume, IFA, Molecular Motion |
Definite, Definite, Strong, Vibration |
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Liquid Shape, Volume, IFA, Molecular motion |
Indefinite, Definite, Intermediate, Gliding |
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Gas Shape, Volume, IFA, Molecular Motion |
Indefinite, Indefinite, Weak, Constant Random Motion |
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Other name of Double displacement |
Metathesis |
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Electron negativity |
ability of an element to ATTRACT electrons to itself |
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Electron affinity |
ENERGY GAINED by an atom when an electron is added to it |
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Ionization potential |
amount of ENERGY REQUIRED to remove an electron from a neutral atom |
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Flourine |
most electronegative and most reactive |
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Flourine |
AKA Super halogen |
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Iodine |
Most metallic |
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S Block |
Representative elements |
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P Block |
Representative elements |
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D Block |
Transition |
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F Block |
Lanthanides and Actinides |
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First Triads |
Iron, Cobalt, Nickel |
FeCoNi |
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Second Triad |
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Paladium |
RuRhoPad |
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Third Triad |
Osmium, Iridium, Platinum |
OsIrPlat |
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Arrhenius Theory |
Acid- yields H or H3O Base- yields OH |
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Bronsted- Lowry |
Acid- proton donor Base- proton acceptor |
bROnsted |
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Lewis Theory |
Acid- electron acceptor Base- electron donor |
LEwis |
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Isotopes |
same proton/ atomic number different neutron |
isotoPes |
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Isotones |
same neutrons different protons |
isotoNes |
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Isobars |
same mass number different elements |
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Isomers |
same chemical formulas different chemical structure |
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Alpha Radiation Nature, Charge, Mass, Speed, Ionizing effect |
2p,2n (same as He nucleus) +2 Relatively Charge = SLOW Least penetrating |
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Beta Radiation Nature, Charge, Mass, Speed, Ionizing effect |
Negatively charge having a mass of an electron -1 very small = FAST More penetrating — can penetrate 1 inch thick Aluminum |
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Gamma Radiation Nature, Charge, Mass, Speed, Ionizing effect |
Electromagnetic wave 0 No mass = SPEED OF LIGHT Excellent penetrating power— can penetrate thick lead |
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Intrinsic |
DO NOT DEPEND on the amount of matter that is present |
aka intensive ex: density, spgr, luster, malleability, ductility, hardness, melting, freezing, boiling pt |
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Extrinsic |
DEPEND on the amount of matter that is present |
aka extensive ex: mass, weight, volume, length |
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John Dalton |
Billiard Ball Model |
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JJ Thompson |
Plum pudding model/ Raisin bread model Electron |
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Ernest Rutherford |
Gold Film experiment (alpha radiation) proton |
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Niels Bohr |
Planetary model |
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Schrodinger |
Quantum mechanics |
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James Chadwick |
Neutron |
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Democritus |
coined the word “atomos” meaning indivisible |
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Solid to Liquid |
Melting |
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Liquid to Gas |
Evaporation |
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Gas to Solid |
Deposition (formation of dry ice) |
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Gas to Liquid |
Condensation |
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Liquid to Solid |
Freezing |
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Solid to Gas |
Sublimation |
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Principal Quantum Numbers |
n size of particle |
prinSIZEpal |
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Azimuthal/ Angular |
l subshell or sublevel determines the shape |
azSHAPEmuthal |
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Magnetic Quantum Number |
m or mi Orbitals Determines the orientation |
MAG ORIENT |
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Spin Quantum Number |
s or ms Direction of the spin or orientation location |
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Oxidation of KMnO4 |
+7 |
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Oxidation of Na2Cr2O7 |
+6 |
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Oxidation of K2Cr2O7 |
+6 |
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Oxidation of PO4^-3 |
+5 |
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Pauli’s Exclusion Principle |
No two electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers— each atom orbital can only accommodate 2 electrons |
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Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle |
Impossible to determine simultaneously the electron momentum and position |
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Aufbau Building Up Principle |
Lower energy levels are filled up first |
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Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity |
Orbitals are filled up single before pairing up |
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Hund’s Rule of Maximum Capacity |
Orbitals are filled up singly before pairing up |
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Ionic Bonding |
The transfer of electrons between metals and non metals |
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Ionic Bonding |
The transfer of electrons between metals and non metals |
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Covalent Bonding |
the sharing of electrons between nonmetals |
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G<0 |
Spontaneous |
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Ionic Bonding |
The transfer of electrons between metals and non metals |
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Covalent Bonding |
the sharing of electrons between nonmetals |
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G<0 |
Spontaneous |
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G=0 |
equilibrium |
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Ionic Bonding |
The transfer of electrons between metals and non metals |
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Covalent Bonding |
the sharing of electrons between nonmetals |
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G<0 |
Spontaneous |
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G=0 |
equilibrium |
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G>0 |
Non-Spontaneous |
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