Modern World History- Honors Final Exam Review

Front 1

Martin Luther

Back 1

decreased the role of the clergy and his ideas spread quickly due to the printing press

Front 2

Henry VIII

Back 2

King that wanted to divorce his Catholic wife and Pope wouldn't allow it, so he broke away from the Catholic Church and created the Anglican Church of England.

Front 3

Edict of Nantes

Back 3

gave rights to French Calvinist/Huguenots

Front 4

Council of Trent

Back 4

these eliminated sale of indulgences, tightened discipline on the clergy, and eliminated emphasis on ceremony.

Front 5

Geocentric Theory

Back 5

Ptolemy's theory that the Earth is the center of the universe.

Front 6

Newton's Laws

Back 6

Explained the laws of gravity and motion

Front 7

Mercantilism

Back 7

do all you can to increase a country's wealth, usually by exporting more than importing.

Front 8

European Colonies

Back 8

used to provide raw materials, increase wealth, and prevent having to trade with other nations.

Front 9

Triangular Trade

Back 9

selling of goods and people between Europe, Africa, and the New World

Front 10

Peter the Great

Back 10

Russian Czar that strengthened the army, took over the Orthodox Church, and achieved alliances with the Ottomans.

Front 11

Catherine the Great

Back 11

Russian Monarch that expanded Russia to the Black Sea and parts of Asia.

Front 12

Pragmatic Sanction

Back 12

decree that made sure Maria Theresa inherited Habsburg Lands.

Front 13

Mary Tudor

Back 13

Also known as "Bloody Mary" for killing protestants to make England Catholic again.

Front 14

Elizabeth I

Back 14

Monarch that defeated the Spanish Armada and fought Spanish attempts to return Catholicism to England.

Front 15

Charles I

Back 15

Monarch that kept dismissing Parliament known as "Long Parliament" for 20 years, until he needed them to put down Scottish rebellion.

Front 16

Oliver Cromwell

Back 16

Leader of the Roundheads, that defeated the English Monarchy during the English Civil War.

Front 17

British Parliament (1600s)

Back 17

Divided into parties over the succession of a Catholic king.

Front 18

John Locke

Back 18

Enlightenment Philosopher that believed individual rights should be protected by the government.

Front 19

Constitutional Monarchy

Back 19

Type of monarchy in which the King/Queen had to consult with Parliament when decision making.

Front 20

American Revolution

Back 20

War in which France increased its debt by giving financial aid to the United States.

Front 21

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Back 21

Policy in which all men can vote regardless of owning property.

Front 22

French Revolution

Back 22

This began when the Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly.

Front 23

Napoleon

Back 23

Crowned himself Emperor and became a dictator of France.

Front 24

The Hundred Days

Back 24

The time period that refers to the return of Napoleon from his exile to Elba Island.

Front 25

Great Britain

Back 25

This country is where the Industrial Revolution began because it had all the factors of production to support it.

Front 26

Northeastern United States

Back 26

The area where industrialization began in the US.

Front 27

Napoleonic Wars

Back 27

Series of wars across continental Europe that caused the spread industrialization to slow down.

Front 28

Japanese Imperialism

Back 28

this happened in response to growing imperialistic threats made by the US.

Front 29

Capitalism

Back 29

An economic system where individuals invest their own money in business in order to make a profit.

Front 30

Imperialism

Back 30

Industrialized nations took over non-industrial nations due to a wealth gap and need for raw materials and new markets.

Front 31

Africa and Asia

Back 31

these were the 2 most sought after countries to imperialize.

Front 32

Cuba

Back 32

Country that resented the United States after the Spanish-American War for placing military government in the country as opposed to giving them full independence.

Front 33

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 33

Policy put in place after the Spanish-American War making the US the policing power of the Western Hemisphere.

Front 34

Spanish-American War

Back 34

War in which the United States defeated Spain and acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

Front 35

Triple Entente

Back 35

WWI alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia that formed in response to German military build-up.

Front 36

Belgium

Back 36

Neutral territory that Germany invaded at the start of WWI, that led to Great Britain declaring war on Germany.

Front 37

Italy and Japan

Back 37

Countries that joined WWI specifically to gain defeated nation's property.

Front 38

Weapons of WWI

Back 38

U-boats, airplanes, tanks

Front 39

Communist Party

Back 39

Newly formed party in 1917 Russia during WWI, that signed a treaty with the Central Powers to leave the war

Front 40

Treaty of Versailles

Back 40

Used to harshly punish Germany for actions during WWI by making them taking the blame for the war, pay reparations, and give up territory.

Front 41

League of Nations

Back 41

Peace-keeping organizations formed after WWI to prevent future wars, but failed.

Front 42

Great Depression in Europe

Back 42

Due to its harsh conditions it led to a rise in fascism, and communism, because the people thought a strong government would improve the economy.

Front 43

Appeasement

Back 43

Response to early Nazi aggression in order to avoid war at all costs.