Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Waht was the mood in Europe between WWI and WWII?
|
Yhings were strange. The Communist Revolution had scared everybody else. It scared some too far to the right to try and keep Communists out. Fascism was to keep capitalism, Christianity, and Communism in.
|
|
|
How was Italy feeling after WWI?
|
taly had not done well in World War I. Italy got little in the end of WWI (a bit of Austria). There is no work in Italy. Many army veterans were unemployed and there was a big depression after the war. The Italian veterans of World War I were mistreated like the U.S. veterans of Vietnam–no one wanted to hear about them. They were very bitter and cynical.
|
|
|
What do the Italian people want?
|
Nationalist groups still wanted a strong, united Italy. North Italy people who were rich did not want Communists in their country and would support anything anti-Communist. The rich are scared of a Communist Revolution like what happened in Russia. The young want a strong government. The army wants a strong government (like the Roman Empire).
|
|
|
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
|
He found the Fascist party.
|
|
|
Give a little of Mussolini's background
|
son of a blacksmith.cynical believed it was better to be feared than to be loved). He was expelled from a seminary for stabbing a boy. He couldn't cut it as an el. school teacher. Was journalist in WWI. He wrote propaganda about the war after it was over claiming how great Italy had been in the war and that Italy had been cheated out of the spoils of that war.
|
|
|
What kind of propaganda did Mussolini circulate about Italy after WWI?
|
He wrote propaganda about the war after it was over claiming how great Italy had been in the war and that Italy had been cheated out of the spoils of war
|
|
|
Explain the roots of the word Fascist?
|
Fasces--Roman symbol of a bundle of sticks bound to an ax with a red strip–symbolizing the ability of Roman leaders to punish wrongdoers. It was the symbol of judges (a bundle of sticks was used to clear the way for the Roman judges to get through the streets–bundle of sticks represents judicial power–ax shows power of the executive to strike down bad people–the red strip symbolizes blood).
|
|
|
What did the Fascists wear and what did they do?
|
The Fascists wore Black Shirts. The Black Shirts were street fighters who beat up Communists and Socialists. Money comes to Mussolini from capitalists, though the rich don't want to be associated with this violence so they just give him money in plain envelopes.
|
|
|
Who funded the activities of Mussolini's Fascists?
|
Money comes to Mussolini from capitalists, though the rich don't want to be associated with this violence so they just give him money in plain envelopes.
|
|
|
What happens when the Black Shirts march on Rome?
|
The old government (led by Victor Emmanuel III) fell. Victor Emmanuel III (king of Italy from 1900 to 1946) makes Mussolini the leader to stop the rioting. Mussolini gets the police. Mussolini was in charge. Italy is now a totalitarian state. He was called "Il Duce"
|
|
|
What is meant by "Il Duce"
|
The Leader
|
|
|
What was life in Italy like under Mussolini?
|
As for capitalism in Italy, Mussolini said he had the answer. There would be no strikes–if you have a complaint just go to Mussolini. Actually, there were no strikes but then there were no higher wages either. He built roads and made the railroads run on time (his biggest achievement). There was lots of propaganda in the schools.
|
|
|
What was the Fascist Doctrine?
|
Fascists opposed: rationalism, democracy, communism, socialism, individualism, etc. They were for: power, courage, and discipline. "Power, Courage, Blood."
|
|
|
What sentimentality in the Italians does Mussolini exploit
|
Italian operas have plots that don't make much sense but are very flashy shows to make us all feel better. Italians are used to this. Mussolini doesn't say anything that makes sense, but he makes the Italians feel better.
|
|
|
How did Fascists want freedom?
|
Fascists wanted "freedom through authoritarianism" (I'll free you if I've got absolute power).
|
|
|
How was the Weimar Republic established?
|
the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes trans. as German Empire, usually known in English as Germany.
|
|
|
How are the Weimar Republic and the Versailles Treaty related?
|
was the government that agreed to the Versailles Treaty (and War Guilt Clause). By agreeing to those, they looked bad. People said the government had sold out. The Germans begin saying that the Versailles Treaty is so harsh that it discredits the government (Weimar Republic).
|
|
|
What happened in to the economy in 1929?
|
There was a great depression beginning
|
|
|
Give some early life background on Adolph Hitler
|
artistic but not good enough for an artist's scholarship. He was an Austrian not a German (he was born in Vienna). Dad died early in his life. He was poverty-stricken. He is very embittered by all of this. He learned to hate people.
|
|
|
Hitlers early army experience in 1914
|
He joined the German army as a dispatch carrier. He had some success in war, but was wounded and gassed during the war. Became hero with an Iron Cross but that (the only success in his life up to that time) meant nothing cuz Germany lost the war.
|
|
|
Who organized the Nazi party?
|
Hitler organized the Nazi (National Socialist) party and designed the swastika
|
|
|
What book did Hitler write when he was imprisoned for a year for marching in a parade without a permit?
|
Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") in prison. It was not a good book but was very Machiavellian. It is ok to lie to people if it helps them and somehow people will believe big, fuzzy lies more than small lies.
|
|
|
How did Hitler inspire people?
|
Hitler practiced propaganda by using simple slogans and saying them over and over again.
|
|
|
Who di Hitler paint as enemies?
|
He said the enemy is Russia and Communists. Internal enemies were the Jews. Easy for German people to buy cuz the Jewish people have been scapegoats in Europe for centuries.
|
|
|
How did Hitler get people to look down on the Jews?
|
Hitler says that the German Jews didn't support the German efforts in World War I (nonsense–the stats show that there were more German Jews in World War I than Christians).
|
|
|
Was Hitler racist?
|
Yes, he said Nordics were better and Germans were the very best. They were the Volk ("people"). They were German people on German soil and therefore the best of all. Volk were racially, culturally, & intellectually superior to all others. He hated the Jews the most even though lots of Jews had fought in World War I.
|
|
|
What people made up most of the Nazi's
|
The Nazis were mostly middle class Germans who were desperate. He held massive rallies at night in the 1920s and 1930s.
|
|
|
Why was Nazism like a hysterical religion?
|
There were chants and you wanted to touch your flag to Hitler's, etc. The Hitler Youth were like military-minded Boy Scouts with teeth
|
|
|
By 1933 Hitler had a big political party with the Nazis. What did the party do?
|
They had lots of fun beating up Communists and it was financed by Capitalists. The Brown Shirts were the young street thugs who beat up the Jews and Communists.
|
|
|
When there was rioting who was appointed to stop it?
|
Hitler became the head of a coalition of the government to stop the rioting (which he was starting in the first place)
|
|
|
Reichstag Fire
|
burned down some government buildings. The Communists were blamed
|
|
|
der Fuhrer ("leader")
|
After the fire Hitler asked for power to defend against the Communists. He got support from middle class and young people. Hitler was called der Fuhrer ("leader"). He is the leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
|
|
|
What was Hitler's new Christianity?
|
He said Jesus was not Jewish. He destroyed the New Testament–he says that the Jews wrote the New Testament. He inferred he was Jesus in the second coming. Jews are fired from jobs, etc.
|
|
|
When did Christians split from support of Hitler?
|
The Christians were with him when he was fighting communism, but they begin to turn away from him when he starts saying the New Testament is wrong. Lutherans and Catholics fought him and were jailed or killed. He has too much power to stop him now.
|
|
|
When did Albert Einstein leave Germany and where did he go? What might have happened if he had stayed in Germany?
|
Albert Einstein (a German Jew) left Germany and came to the United States as soon as Hitler came to power. All of his knowledge would have been lost and things would not have been discovered (Theory of Relativity, Etc.)
|
