Modern Western Civ Test 3D

Front 1

Who is considered the father of communism?

Back 1

Karl Marx

Front 2

What did Marx want to do?

Back 2

He wanted to reform the capitalist system. He saw lots of suffering and a rigid authoritarian government

Front 3

What was Marx'x definition of Communism and how did it arrect the working the Proletariat (working Classs)

Back 3

His definition of communism was a system of social organization in which goods are held in common. Communism is a dictatorship of the Proletariat (working class) which controls all activities to produce a classless society

Front 4

Where did some of Marx's ideas come from and what nationality was he?

Back 4

He was a German who was well educated especially in law and philosophyand believed in the patterns of history?

Front 5

What happened when Karl Marx met Friederich Engels?

Back 5

They visited in 1844 in Paris and began to work together. Engels was the son of an industrialist. Engels tells Marx about the abuses of capitalism and how very badly the workers were treated. Marx sees that the owners get incredibly rich while the workers remain very poor. Marx began to speak against capitalism. Marx was expelled from France in 1845.

Front 6

When did Marx (and Engels) write the Communist Manifesto and what did it state? Where did he live at the time?

Back 6

Marx (with Engels) wrote the Communist Manifesto denouncing the capitalist system in 1847. Belgium

Front 7

AFter leaving what other countries did he reside in?

Back 7

In 1848 (when the Revolutions of 1848 were ravishing the European continent), the Belgian government banished Marx, so he traveled to France and Germany. After he was banished from both countries, Marx settled down in England

Front 8

Das Kapital (first published in 1867) was written by Marx while he lived in England. What was the book about?

Back 8

This book is a historical analysis of the economics of the capitalist system.

Front 9

Did people read his books much at that time?

Back 9

Nobody read his books much in his day. He was a scholar, not a revolutionist

Front 10

Why did he study the French Revolution?

Back 10

because he wanted to know why it ultimately failed. He thought that if he could understand that, he could make other revolutions succeed.

Front 11

What is Marx's theory of Dialectical Materialism?

Back 11

logical argument/discussion about owns what. There is always going to be class conflict until the Communist phase of history begins, in which there will be only one class, so there will be no more class conflict, struggle, revolution.

Front 12

What are Marx's 5 phases of history?

Back 12

1. Primitive communal–when people hunted. 2. Slaves found in ancient Greece and Rome. 3. Feudal (Middle Ages)–knights and serfs. 4. Capitalist (from 1500 on). 5. Socialist-communist (the end of history).

Front 13

What did Marx believe was the "engine" of change which caused the move from one phase of history to another?

Back 13

class conflict. Marx thought this class conflict is what caused all of the other phases of history to fail. This class conflict causes revolution

Front 14

What did Marx think would stop class conflict and subsequently revolutions?

Back 14

There is always going to be class conflict until the Communist phase of history begins, in which there will be only one class, so there will be no more class conflict, struggle, revolution.

Front 15

Who were the Bourgeoisie?

Back 15

City Dwellers") are the ones who have the big money and industry.

Front 16

How do the Proletariat and the Bourgeoisie interact with each other?

Back 16

The Proletariat is the working class (lowest class in ancient Rome). The bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat. The bourgeoisie own the means of production (transportation, goods, etc.).

Front 17

What is the Surplus Value and how does it cause workers to be exploited?

Back 17

The profit of the bourgeoisie. Cost includes the cost of goods, machinery, and labor. Price is the cost of something plus the profit (Surplus Value).

Front 18

What really causes workers to be exploited?

Back 18

The capitalists compete causing workers to be exploited because when people shop in a capitalist system the lowest prices for the best stuff is what people buy. The bourgeoisie owner must cut wages to keep prices low. Everybody is trapped.

Front 19

What happens to the good owners in a capitalist system?

Back 19

Even the good owners who don't cut wages lose because those good owners will eventually go out of business and the workers will be unemployed. Pretty soon the workers revolt.

Front 20

What is Marx's law of history?

Back 20

starving workers are the makings of a revolution.The workers will seize the plant, kill the owners, and there will eventually be a classless society. The lower class will set up the dictatorship of the proletariat. Everything will be owned in common. After everybody is equal, the dictatorship of the proletariat and government will be gone and everybody will be happy with no class distinctions. However it wont work this way

Front 21

Why won't Marx's law of history work in real life?

Back 21

. It won't work cuz: 1. It's unpredictable. Marx thought he had a basic law. According to him, the revolution of the working class should come in England first cuz they had the most industry and were the furthest ahead. Instead, it came in Russia, which was one of the countries which was furthest behind. 2. Marx said that working conditions would get worse and instead they got better with reforms and the workers unionizing. 3. People aren't as bad as Marx thought. People are not always driven by things (i.e. religion, greed, etc. are driving forces). Some people are very happy just existing with their lives as they are. 4. Accidents happen so that nothing is predictable or plan-able. The growth of labor unions and governmental control over businesses prevented revolution.

Front 22

Why doesn't Communism work?

Back 22

Communism doesn't work because you are guaranteed a job and make the same amount of money no matter how much work you do. There is no reason to work hard

Front 23

What is a famous quote about life under Communism?

Back 23

We pretend to work and they pretend to pay us" is a famous quote about life under communism.

Front 24

What is Anarchism and whose theories was it based on?

Back 24

Rousseau's ideas. The Romantic says that everyone is basically good. People turn bad cuz institutions corrupt them. So, if you get rid of the oppressing government and institutions, people will revert back to being good.

Front 25

Who was the father of anarchy and what di the black flag symbolize? Did anarchists get along with Marxists?

Back 25

Pierre Proudhon (1809-1865) was the father of anarchy. The black flag symbolized paranoia, that everyone (Big Brother in George Orwell's 1984) is watching you. They hated Marxists.

Front 26

What is Socialism?

Back 26

is the collective or governmental ownership and the democratic management of major industries (oil production, steel, coal, hospitals, air transportation, etc.)–things so essential to everyone that everyone owns it together through the government.

Front 27

where is socialism practiced?

Back 27

In almost all of Europe

Front 28

How is he U.S. system different from Socialism?

Back 28

In the United States, the major industries are regulated by the government but not owned by the government. Socialists don't own everything or share everything in the U.S.

Front 29

What is Revisionism?

Back 29

a revision of Marx's ideas. They would settle for daily laws to make capitalism work. The lower and middle classes don't disappear. Marxists say revisionists have sold out.