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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 5 causes of crime? |
Alcohol Abuse Drug Addiction Peer & Family Group Social Deprivation Opportunism |
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How is Alcohol Abuse linked to crime? |
Excessive drinking linked with risk taking & violent crime. |
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How is Drug Addiction linked to crime? |
Addiction to illegal drugs means money is required to fund the habit. This can lead to crimes such as house-breaking, mugging or prostitution. |
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How is Peer & Family Group linked to crime? |
Peer group can influence the likelihood of a person committing a crime e.g young people in gangs are more likely to be the victims and perpetrators of knife crime. Individuals born into chaotic or violent families are more likely to commit crimes themselves. |
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How is Social Deprivation linked to crime? |
Poorer families may not be able to afford activities & material goods, which can result in crime to meet basic needs. |
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How is Opportunism linked to crime? |
Some criminals take advantage of the opportunity to make money from crime. |
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Why are certain crimes more likely in the city than the countryside? |
High population density in the cities make some crimes more profitable & common. Assault/breach of the peace common in cities known for their bar/clubs. Anti social behaviour more common in high socially deprived & overcrowded areas, which causes tension between neighbours. |
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What are biological explanations of crime? |
Some people are 'born into' crime. There is some scientific evidence that links criminal behaviour with certain gene patterns & combinations. |
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What are social explanations of crime? |
Crime is caused by the conditions in which people live. The process of socialisation may break down & youngsters turn to criminal behaviour. |
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Nature vs Nurture? |
Nurture is more important in explaining crime as better employment opportunities, improved housing & a more equal society makes crime less attractive. |
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What is the role of the Police? |
Maintaining Law & Order Detecting Criminals Crime Prevention Public Safety |
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What are the priorities of Police Scotland? |
Violence, Disorder & Antisocial Behaviour Road Safety & Crime Protecting Vunerable People Serious/Organised Crime & Counter Terrorism |
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What are different approaches to policing? |
The Specialist Crime Division involves 1800 detectives investigating major crimes e.g murder, rape. Community Policing to promote public safety, reduce the fear of crime in communities, work with schools etc. |
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Pros of Single Police Force |
More financially efficent Able to manage intelligence better Able to tackle crime more effectively Every area in Scotland now has equal access to specialist resources |
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Cons of Single Police Force |
Too big too manage Scotland is diverse; law & order issues very different in different areas Unresponsive to local community needs |
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What is Summary Procedure? |
No jury, deals with lesser crimes (e.g drunk driving) and takes place in Justice of the Peace & Sheriff Courts. |
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What is Solemn Procedure? |
Jury of 15 people, deals with more serious crimes (e.g murder, rape) & takes place in Sheriff & High Courts. |
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List the 3 types of court in order of level. |
High Court Sheriff Court Justice of the Peace Court |
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What is a custodial sentence? |
A punishment consisting of mandatory custody of the offender (i.e prison). |
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When are prison sentences appropriate? |
Last resort & only appropriate for the most serious offences & offenders who are a risk to public safety. |
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What does it mean when a prison is privatised? |
Run as a business & any profit made goes to the owners of that business. |
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Pros of private prisons? |
Lowered operating costs Faster decision making |
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Cons of private prisons? |
Private owners less accountable for their actions than government Profit over people Cost-cutting measures lead to decreased quality of care that may lead to safety risks & inadequate delivery of services |
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What are Community Payback Orders? |
Alternatives to fines/custody, which include unpaid work (e.g clearing pathways) & addressing offending behaviour (e.g drug treatment). |
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Pros of CPOs |
Money saving More effective than jail in preventing re-offending Individuals may be abused or pick up a drug habit whilst in prison for minor offence Benefits the community e.g graveyards being tidied |
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Cons of CPOs |
Not always seen as serious punishment by offenders Public have less confidence in CPOs Public prefers criminals to be locked up |
