Modern Middle East 1

Front 1

Aliyah

Back 1

Hebrew term for immigration from outside countries to Israel

Front 2

Anatolia

Back 2

Turkish peninsula

Front 3

Gulf of Aqaba

Back 3

Sea between Sinai Peninsula and Arabia

Front 4

Ayatollah

Back 4

Important Shiite religious scholars

Front 5

Balkans

Back 5

Southeastern tip of Europe controlled Ottomans

Front 6

Bedouin

Back 6

"Desert people" who live in the wastelands following sheep and camels to pastures

Front 7

Bey

Back 7

Ottoman term for an official

Front 8

Caliph

Back 8

Successor to the Prophet of God

Front 9

Dhimmi

Back 9

"Protected minority" living under protected Muslim rule but with higher tax rates

Front 10

Diaspora

Back 10

Spreading of people who identify themselves as from an area but no longer live there

Front 11

Fatwa

Back 11

Decision from Islamic law issued by some authority

Front 12

Hajj

Back 12

Pilgrimage to Mecca for Muslims

Front 13

Straights of Hormuz

Back 13

Narrow place at the end of the Persian Gulf

Front 14

Imam

Back 14

Leader of Muslim prayers, also leaders of Muslim communities

Front 15

Inshallah

Back 15

"If God wills" expression meaning speaker has no control over situation

Front 16

Intifada

Back 16

Uprising of Palestinians against Israeli occupation in 1987

Front 17

ISIS

Back 17

Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, aimed at establishing a Sunnite state

Front 18

Janissaries

Back 18

New troops, slave soldiers used by Ottomans

Front 19

Jihad

Back 19

Holy war

Front 20

Levant

Back 20

East coast of Mediterranean

Front 21

Madrasah

Back 21

School devoted to teaching Islamic law

Front 22

Mahdi

Back 22

Successor to the Prophet, leader who believes we are at the end of the world

Front 23

Malchite

Back 23

Imperial Christianity imposed by Byzantines

Front 24

Mamlukes

Back 24

Slave soldiers who became the biggest landowners in Egypt after they were freed

Front 25

Mandate

Back 25

Command from the league of nations for imperial powers to take over middle East post WWI

Front 26

Millet

Back 26

Autonomous religiously defined community

Front 27

Mufti

Back 27

A high ranking Ottoman religious scholar

Front 28

Muhammad Ali

Back 28

Ruler of Egypt who founded a dynasty from 1804-1952; tried to modernize Egypt

Front 29

Napoleon Bonaparte

Back 29

French general who invaded Egypt

Front 30

Ottomans

Back 30

Ruled modern day Turkey from 1340-1921

Front 31

Pasha

Back 31

Highest honorary term in Ottoman society

Front 32

Red Sea

Back 32

Sea between Arabia and Egypt

Front 33

Safavids

Back 33

Shiite dynasty leaders who claimed to be THE Imam, forced Islamic conversion

Front 34

Shariah

Back 34

Islamic law

Front 35

Shiite

Back 35

Muslims who believe Ali was the rightful successor and his descendants were the Imams of their times

Front 36

Souk

Back 36

Marketplace where shops selling the same thing cluster together

Front 37

Suez

Back 37

City at the end of the canal between the Mediterranean and Red Sea

Front 38

Sufi

Back 38

Islamic mystic who seeks closer connection to God

Front 39

Sultan

Back 39

Ottoman rulers without much religious authority

Front 40

Sunnite

Back 40

Traditional Muslim who accepts the first civil war and feels God still guides through the Law

Front 41

Tanzimat

Back 41

Reorganization, Ottoman reform era

Front 42

Ulama

Back 42

Religious scholars who give legal opinions based on Islamic Law

Front 43

Uniates

Back 43

Christians in communion with the Roman Catholic church

Front 44

Versailles

Back 44

City near Paris where treaty ending WWI was signed

Front 45

Waqf

Back 45

Pious endowment usually used for public goods like schools and hospitals

Front 46

Wasta

Back 46

Using people you know to get things done

Front 47

Yazidis

Back 47

Members of religious sect who is believed to be polytheistic and condemned as devil worshippers

Front 48

Yishuv

Back 48

Hebrew term for the Jewish population of Israel