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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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UN resolution 242
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Basis of all subsequent diplomatic activity in the Middle East.
Calls for the return of territories in exchange for peace (in English) In Arabic and Russian, calls for the return of "the" territories in exchange for peace. Leaves the question, Is Israel required to return ALL territories? November 1967 |
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Gush Emunim
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The "Believer's Block"
Sprang out of the conquests of the Six-Day War in 1967 Formally established in 1974 Encouraged Jewish settlement of the land they believe God alloted to the Jews in the book of Deuteronomy Led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger Founded by Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook |
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War of Attrition
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Artillery barrages across the Suez Canal
Each side without moving their armies tries to destroy as much as possible of the other side. Caused Israel to build the Bar-Lev line. 1967 to 1970 It was initiated by Egypt as a way to force Israel to negotiate on favourable terms the return of the Sinai Peninsula by Israel, which had been in control of the territory since the mid-1967 Six-Day War. |
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Operation Renewal
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Program that ran from 1970 to 2001 designed to rehabilitate slum neighorhoods and development towns that had grown in Israel in the 50s and 60s.
Stimulus package. Helped Mizrahi jews. Infrastructure, apartment blocks, additional rooms, public transportation, schools. Increased standard of living. |
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Ehud Barak
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Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000.
Followed Netanyahu (56% to 44%) Labor Party. Created coalition baed on center, left, and SHAS. 75/120 seats Syrian Peace deal - Failed Pull out from Southern Lebanon Camp David 2 Succeeded by Ariel Sharon |
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Hezbollah
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It is a significant force in Lebanese politics, providing social services, which operate schools, hospitals, and agricultural services for thousands of Lebanese Shiites.
Hezbollah first emerged as a militia in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, also known as Operation Peace for Galilee, in 1982, set on resisting the Israeli occupation of Lebanon during the Lebanese civil war. |
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May 1977 Elections
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The result of the 1977 election was a huge turning point in Israel's political history. For the first time, the left-wing (led by Shimon Peres) lost an election, with the Alignment's share of the vote reduced by more than a third. This allowed the right-wing to take power for the first time since Israeli independence in 1948. The left's spectacular loss of power was attributed to three major causes; the disastrous Yom Kippur War in 1973, allegations of corruption and nepotism (such as the Dollar Account affair and the Yadlin affair), and a perceived favouring of Ashkenazi (European) Jews over Mizrahi Jews (from North Africa and the Middle East).
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Camp David Accords
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he Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.[1] The two agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The Accords led directly to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. They also resulted in Sadat and Begin sharing the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.
Israel withdraws from Desert in may 1979. Ambassadors exchanged. Not conditional on Palestinian issues. Menachim Begin and Anwar Sadat |
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Anwar Sadat
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Replaces Nassar in 1970.
No ambition to lead Arab world. More concerned with honor of Egyptian Army. Enacted, in October 1973, the Yom Kippur War. Killed on October 6th, 1981 |
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War of 1973 - Yom Kippur War
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On October 6, 1973 — Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar — Egypt and Syria opened a coordinated surprise attack against Israel. The equivalent of the total forces of NATO in Europe were mobilized on Israel's borders. On the Golan Heights, approximately 180 Israeli tanks faced an onslaught of 1,400 Syrian tanks. Along the Suez Canal, 436 Israeli defenders were attacked by 80,000 Egyptians.
Thrown onto the defensive during the first two days of fighting, Israel mobilized its reserves and eventually repulsed the invaders and carried the war deep into Syria and Egypt. The Arab states were swiftly resupplied by sea and air from the Soviet Union, which rejected U.S. efforts to work toward an immediate ceasefire. As a result, the United States belatedly began its own airlift to Israel. Two weeks later, Egypt was saved from a disastrous defeat by the UN Security Council, which had failed to act while the tide was in the Arabs' favor. On October 22, the Security Council adopted Resolution 338 calling for "all parties to the present fighting to cease all firing and terminate all military activity immediately." The vote came on the day that Israeli forces cut off and isolated the Egyptian Third Army and were in a position to destroy it. |
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Oslo Accords I and II
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Oslo Accords
It was the first direct, face-to-face agreement between Israel and political representatives of Palestinians. It was intended to be a framework for the future relations between Israel and the anticipated Palestinian state, when all outstanding final status issues between the two states would be addressed and resolved in one agreement. In essence, the accords called for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank, and affirmed a Palestinian right of self-government within those areas through the creation of a Palestinian Authority. Palestinian rule was to last for a five-year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated (beginning no later than May 1996). Permanent issues such as Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees, Israeli settlements, and security and borders were deliberately excluded from the Accords and left to be decided. Israel was to grant interim self-government to the Palestinians in phases. Until a final status accord was established, West Bank and Gaza would be divided into three zones The Accords were wrapped-up in Oslo, Norway on 20 August 1993 Oslo II Also known as Interim Agreement It was first signed in Taba (in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt) by Israel and the PLO on September 24, 1995 and then four days later on September 28, 1995 by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and witnessed by US President Bill Clinton as well as by representatives of Russia, Egypt, Jordan, Norway, and the European Union in Washington, D.C. Israel withdraws from most of West Bank. Division into three areas. Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by Yigal Amir, law student at Bar-Ilan university. |
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Camp David II
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July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. It was an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to negotiate a "final status settlement" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
However, the interim process put in place under Oslo had fulfilled neither Israeli nor Palestinian expectations, and Arafat argued that the summit was premature |
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Menachem Begin
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Sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
77-83 Begin’s most significant achievement as prime minister was signing a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, for which he and Anwar Sadat won the Nobel Prize for Peace On 6 June 1982, Begin’s government authorized the Israel Defense Forces' invasion of Lebanon Public criticism reached its peak following the Sabra and Shatila Massacre in September 1982, when tens of thousands gathered to protest in Tel Aviv in what was one of the biggest public demonstrations in Israeli history. The Kahan Commission, appointed to investigate the events, found the government indirectly responsible for the massacre, accusing Defense Minister Ariel Sharon of gross negligence. The commission’s report, published in February 1983, severely damaged Begin’s government, forcing Sharon to resign. As the Israeli quagmire in Lebanon seemed to grow deeper, public pressure on Begin to resign increased. Labor Party - Likud |
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Yitzhak Rabin
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Chief of Staff during six day war. Ambassador of US.
Not effective in his first period (74-77) Brought down by economic crisis in Israel and minor corruption scandals (minister of housing appointment to his son) Wife had foreign bank account. Again PM 92-95 Rabin formed the first Labor-led government in fifteen years, supported by a coalition with Meretz, a left wing party, and Shas, a Mizrahi ultra-orthodox religious party. |
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Moshe Dayan
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1955 to 1958 he was the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Force
1959-1964 he served as the minister of agriculture 1967 - Minister of Defense |
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Alon Plan
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On July 26, 1967, Defense Minister Yigal Allon presented a plan to then-Prime Minister Levi Eshkol for a settlement with the Palestinians.
Suggests israel creates a string of settlements along the river Jordan. Buffer for future attacks. Demilitarize the west bank and return it to Jordan Never formally adopted Only agreements: no negotiation with PLO, no Palestinian state. |
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Phalanges
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Christian party led by Bashir Gemayel, who was assassinated during the Lebanese Civil War.
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