Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Operation Gibraltar
|
began planning in late summer 1965, Pakistanis crossed the ceasefire line in the first week of August. Named after Moorish military victory in medieval Spain. Codename for the Pakistani infiltration of Kashmir to start a rebellion. The natives were apathetic and handed over intruders.
|
|
|
Operation Grand Slam
|
started after Operation Gibraltar failed. Entered using heavy artillery but Indians fought back, and captured the Haji Pir pass in the Uri sector, gaining a strategic point where they could look out for infiltrators. Goal: to capture the Akhnoor (separate Kashmir and Punjab). Ended on September 22, India lost 4,000-6,000 men and 300 tanks. Pakistan lost 3,000-5,000 men and 250 tanks.
|
|
|
Y.B. Chavan
|
the home minister. Asked to begin negotiation in july 1967 with Maharaja Dhrangadhra about the abolition of titles and privy purses. No resolution could be reached. Chavan introduces a bill on May 19th 1970 calling for a constitutional amendment annulling the privileges of princes. Passed in the Lok Sabha but failed by one vote in the Rajya Sabha.
|
|
|
Indira Gandhi, March 1966
|
Mrs. Gandhi left for her first foreign tour. Stopped in London, Paris, and the United States. Interested in America because of their goodwill and grain. American farmers were needed to feed Indians while the new agricultural strategy by C. Subramaniam would take effect. Alabama newspaper titles it, “New Indian Leader Comes Begging”. Made a better impression on the East Coast. Lyndon Johnson seemed to like her.
|
|
|
the “four pillars” of Nehru’s ideology
|
• Democracy- the freedom to choose one’s friends and speak one’s mind and above all the freedom to choose one’s leaders.
• Secularism- government neutrality in matters of religion and commitment to maintaining social peace. • Socialism- the attempt to augment productivity while ensuring a more egalitarian distribution of income. • Non-Alignment- the placement of India beyond and above the rivalries of the great powers. |
|
|
differences between Indira Gandhi and Nehru (as politicians)
|
Nerhu was well-read and widely travelled, Gandhi was not.
|
|
|
P.N. Haskar
|
Indira Gandhi’s principle secretary. Educated at the London school of economics. Was India’s ambassador to Austria and high commissioner to Nigeria.was a polymath. From 1967 to 1973, he was the most powerful and influential person in the government. Shared power with T.N. Kaul, D.P. Dhar, P.N. Dhar and R.N. Kao, (Panch Pandava)
|
|
|
Morarji Desai
|
ran against Indira Gandhi for Prime Minister. Leader of the conservatives in the Congress. Leads one faction of the congress when it splits in 1969.
|
|
|
Sanjiva Reddy and V.V. Giri
|
two candidates for the presidential election. Reddy was the official Congress candidate and Giri raqn as an independent. Mrs. Gandhi decided to support Giri despite violation. Opposed by candidate C.D. Deshmukh. Giri won the election of 1969 on a second count.
|
|
|
S. Nijalingappa
|
congress president, pressed the Prime Minister to publicly declare her support for Reddy. Accused by Gandhi of fraternizing with the enemy. A lifelong congressman. Accused Mrs. Gandhi of fostering a cult of personality (putting herself above party and nation).
|
|
|
Jam Saheb
|
(of Nawanagar) sent a letter to New Delhi in December of 1969. Criticized the princes and the government. Proposes the abolition of princely privileges but pay 20 years of worth of privy purses: 25% cash, 25% bonds to be redeemed in 20 years, and 50% to a public charitable trust headed by the ruler. Idea was passed to Chavan but nothing came of it.
|
|
|
Mukti Bahini
|
the Freedom Fighters who fought the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War; formed by Bengali regulars and civilians after Bangladesh claimed independence in March 1971; were aided by Indian forces when Pakistani air raids hit western India; became synonymous with all forces (military and civilian) of former East Pakistan fighting Pakistan in the Bangladesh Liberation War
|
|
|
Mujibur Rahman
|
Bengali politician; founded People’s Republic of Bangladesh; head of Awami League; served 1st as president and then prime minister of Bangladesh; given honorary title “Bangabandhu” (friend of Bengal); demanded increased provincial autonomy; had a six-point autonomy plan which was viewed as separatism from West Pakistan; announced independence of East Pakistan and was arrested; after the 1974 famine he established a one party state and was assassinated by the army a few months later
|
|
|
Yahya Khan
|
3rd president of Pakistan (‘69-‘71); tried to appease Bengali’s by doubling the Bengali quota in the defense services; ordered Operation Searchlight which targeted Bangladeshi students, police, and Hindus; garnered the support of the US by establishing communication between US and China;
|
|
|
Lt. General J.S. Aurora
|
General Commanding Officer of Eastern Indian Army during Indo-Pakistan War; led the successful ground campaign against Pakistan that formed Bangladesh; viewed as a hero in Bangladesh; forced Lt. General Niazi to surrender unconditionally
|
|
|
AASU
|
a five-tier students' union in Assam, India; All Assam Students Union is best known for leading the six-year Assam Movement against alleged illegal immigrants from Bangladesh; culminated in the infamous Nellie massacre of more than 2,000 immigrant Muslims by the indigenous tribal people of Assam in 1983. Except the Nellie massacre the Assam agitation was more or less peaceful; the AASU agreed to a pact with the Rajiv Gandhi government, leading to the termination of its agitation, and the leadership formed a political party Asom Gana Parishad
|
|
|
Anandpur Sahib Resolution
|
the merger of Punjab and Punjabi-speaking areas; urged for the breaking of monopolistic hold of the capitalists; demands that the claims of immigrants to Jammu & Kashmir should be settled soon and immediate steps should be taken to rehabilitate them; proper representation should be given to Sikhs in government service, local bodies and state legislatures
|
|
|
Bhindranwale
|
leader of the Damdami Taksal, a Sikh religious group based in India; supported implementation of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution; notable for his involvement in Operation Blue Star in which he occupied the Golden Temple; killed by the Indian Army; Sikhs highest authority Akal Takht describe him a great martyr of the Sikh community, who made supreme sacrifice for the sake of faith, many also view him as a misguided militant and extremist terrorist; joined his campaign to the Akali campaign for their political, economic, cultural, and religious demands
|
|
|
Operation Bluestar
|
an Indian military operation, ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India,[4] to remove Sikh separatists from the Golden Temple; Sikh separatists, led by Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, were accused of amassing weapons in the Sikh temple; aroused immense controversy, and the government's justification for the timing and style of the attack are highly debated; many Sikhs resigned from armed and civil administrative office and a few returned awards and honors they had received from the Indian government
|
|
|
Rajiv Ghandi
|
elder son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi; educated at Cambridge; Following the assassination of his mother in 1984 after Operation Blue Star, Indian National Congress party leaders nominated him to be Prime Minister; increased government support for science and technology and associated industries; improved bilateral relations with the United States
|
|
|
Harcharan Singh Longowal
|
President of the Akali Dal during the Punjab insurgency of the 1980s; lead the Sikh opposition to the martial law regime imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
|
|
|
Laldenga
|
Chief Minister of Mizoram state in North-eastern India from 1986 till 1988; demanded separation from India after Assam failed to rush the necessary supplies to Mizoram during the famine in 1950; spurred a rebellion calling the Mizos to rise against Delhi; later in 1971 he secretly met with Indian officials in Europe and returned looking for a peaceful resolution
|
|
|
Shah Bano
|
controversial divorce lawsuit in India in which Shah Bano, a 62 year old Muslim woman and mother of five from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, was divorced by her husband in 1978 and was subsequently denied alimony; case caused the Rajiv Gandhi government, with its absolute majority, to pass the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act; diluted the secular judgment of the Supreme Court and, in reality, denied even utterly destitute Muslim divorcees the right to alimony from their former husbands;
|
|
|
Khalistan
|
political secessionist movement to create a separate Sikh state;
|
|
|
Nirankaris
|
religious sect; thought of themselves as Sikhs, but since they believed in a living guru, they were regarded as heretics by the faithful; their leader, Baba Singh, was assassinated in New Delhi in 1980
|
|
|
“Internal Colony”
|
Assam was an internal colony because it supplied cheap raw materials for metropolitan India to process and profit from. Assam had India’s most productive oil fields, but the oil was pumped by private sector firms, not locals
|
|
|
3rd December 1984
|
leak of methyl isocyanine gas and other chemicals from the the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal resulted in the deaths of 8,000; very few safety regulations;
|
