Modern History Chapter 3

Front 1

the classical period of Athens, existed between what two events

Back 1

Athens defeated the Persians in 479 BCE. Sparta defeats Athens in the Peloponnesian war 404 BCE

Front 2

dates of high classical period

Back 2

480-400 BCE

Front 3

who is said to be the fathers of democracy

Back 3

Solon and Cleisthenes- both contributed through constitutions and representation

Front 4

in the wars with Persia, who won the Marathon

Back 4

greeks (Pheidippides ran 25 miles to Athens to announce the victory. he died of exhaustion

Front 5

thermopylai

Back 5

Persians (movie 300)

Front 6

salamis

Back 6

Greeks (Greeks lured Persians into a sea battle)

Front 7

who was Perikles

Back 7

Athens general, statesman, democratic leader, orator = "carried the thunder and lighting on his tongue"

Front 8

Perikles crowning architecture achievement

Back 8

built the Parthenon

Front 9

Perikles untimely death

Back 9

died of an unknown epidemic (plague) in 429 BCE

Front 10

Doric

Back 10

style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital) is plain. this style was used in mainland Greece

Front 11

Ionic

Back 11

style is thiner and more elegant. its capital is decorated with a scroll like design. (a volute)

Front 12

corinthian

Back 12

style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. its capital is very elaborated and decorated with acanthus leaves

Front 13

describe the structure of the Parthenon

Back 13

large temple on the Acropolis (fortified hilltop in Greek poleis) in Athens rectangular with perfect ratios. doric exterior

Front 14

what and why are there "refinements"

Back 14

Athena and treasury in the Cella

Front 15

who graces the Metopes

Back 15

south=Lapiths and Centaurs, west= Athenians and Amazons, north= Scenes from Trojan war, east= gods and giants

Front 16

pediments

Back 16

east= birth of Athena with gods watching, west= contest with Poseidian for Athens

Front 17

describe the three goddesses of East Pendiment

Back 17

watching Athens birth from head of Zeus, casual flowing movement- no straight lines, note realistic clinging clothing

Front 18

what are two theories about the frieze procession on the interior of the parthenon

Back 18

commemoration of Athena as goddess, king Erectheus and his daughters

Front 19

what was the function of the Erectgeion, significance of the olive tree, describe the Porch of Maidens

Back 19

temple piece

Front 20

what was Kritios Boy

Back 20

marble statue found in late Archaic period about 480 bce, named after Krito teacher of Myron

Front 21

the new pose of the Kritios Boy

Back 21

contrapposoto pose (weight on one foot) causes shifted hip= "s" curve. no smile, expanded rib cage, realistic features

Front 22

what was the first "perfectly" proportion statue

Back 22

Doryphorus by Polykleitos

Front 23

first sculptor

Back 23

alternate spellings = Polycleitos,Polyclitus, or Polycleitus

Front 24

Polykleitos famous treaties

Back 24

wrote canon (non-extant) perhaps copied by Roman Vetruvius, later by Davinci

Front 25

who influenced the female nude? and a famous example?

Back 25

Praxitiles, Aphrodit of Knidos - the goddess surprised while bathing

Front 26

who was was Lysippos, his famous surviving piece, how different from Polykleitos

Back 26

"Old Man" sculptor, The scraper, smaller heard, leaner body, more "s" curve. Not simply posing-doing something

Front 27

who was the father of tragedy

Back 27

Aeschylus

Front 28

Aeschylus best known work

Back 28

Oresteia (a trilogy)

Front 29

Aeschylus first play

Back 29

Agammemnon

Front 30

trilogy theme

Back 30

growth of Greek civilization

Front 31

the story of Oedipus by Sophocles

Back 31

king of Thebes and his tragic down fall

Front 32

what anciant philosopher considered this story the best example of tragedy, in what famous traits

Back 32

Aristotle in poetics

Front 33

who was Aristophanes

Back 33

comic playwright

Front 34

who and in what work did Aristophanes women characters promote piece

Back 34

Lysistrata, no sex until war stops

Front 35

what was Socrates main interest

Back 35

first true philosopher to discuss how man should live promoted self-knowledge and truth

Front 36

Socrates famous maxim

Back 36

"know thy self"

Front 37

saratic method

Back 37

question everything virtuous life trough reason leads to happiness

Front 38

according to Plato, where do truth and perfection reside

Back 38

student of Socrates promoted realm of ideal and forms, mathmatical perfection. wrote The Republic about a just society, includes "Alegory of the cave"

Front 39

three levels of society

Back 39

rulers or philosopher/kings (responsible to govern), warriors or guardians, workers (carpenters,plumbers, merchants)

Front 40

what is the basis for Aristotles logic

Back 40

valid syllogisms, analysis of argument

Front 41

what defines a dog

Back 41

defined by itself, not by a form

Front 42

Aristotles technology

Back 42

end is greater than the beginning. taught Alexander the great

Front 43

what is Aristotles theory of first cause or prime mover

Back 43

first impulse (God) to start things in mayion

Front 44

doctrine of the Mean

Back 44

no absolute norms, live in moderation between two extremes

Front 45

in poetics Aristotle

Back 45

uses Oedipus to defines tragedy and cathars is or purging of passions and fears

Front 46

who was Alexander the Great, his goal, his death

Back 46

son of Phillip, conqueror, desired to make the world Greek. Started in Greece, then to Egypt (Alexandria) then as far as India. died of disease in Babylon on way back in 323

Front 47

describe The Battle Of The Gods and the Giants on the altar of Zeus at Pergamon in Turkey, how different from earlier classical scenes

Back 47

later art (Hellenistic) more emotional, dramatic no resistant

Front 48

how does Laocoon and Sons exhibit the passion of the Hellenistik Age

Back 48

strong expressions, extreme tension and emotion