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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Lloyd George |
British leader from 1916. |
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Eastern Front |
- The area of battles between Germany, Austro-Hungary and Russia - Kept German troops tied down, weakening the German army until Russian surrender in 1917 |
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Kaiser Wilhelm II |
The German King, grandson of British Queen Victoria. |
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Haig |
British Field Marshal - Commanded the BEF - Famous for Somme offensive in which huge casualties were sustained - Also oversaw large losses at Ypres and Passchendaele |
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Ludendorff Offensive (March - July 1918) |
Series of German attacks along the Eastern Front - Involving tactics of rapid advance and cover - Gained more ground than at any time since 1914 |
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Hindenburg |
German General - Commanded the Eighth Army on the Eastern Front - Succeeded Falkenhayn as Chief of General Staff |
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Paris Peace Conference |
- Took place in Versaille - Lead to the constitution of the League of Nations. - Terms of treaty stipulated that Germany must admit 'war guilt' and accept harsh consequences |
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Unrestricted submarine warfare |
- Begun in 1915 by German submarines - Aimed to cut off all British supplies - Highly successful until countered by the use of mines near submarine routes and the British protective convoy system |
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Gas |
- First used by Germans in 1915 against the French - Chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas were used to disable the enemy - Difficult to control due to wind changes |
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Parapet |
Forward side of trench. |
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Jutland (May 1916) |
The only major naval battle of the war - Between the Germans and the British - Neither side won a clear victory and this battle saw both fleets retire to their ports |
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British Expeditionary Force (BEF) |
All British soldiers serving in France and Belgium. |
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The Marne (September 1914) |
An early French victory that slowed the initial German attack but left them in control of Belgium and Northern France. |
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Militarism |
An aggressive political position focused on the role of armed services. |
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Lord Kitchener |
Secretary of State for War in Britain between 1914 and 1916. Had a leading role in recruitment in Britain in 1916. |
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Plan 17 |
French plan prepared in 1913 - Hoped to break German defences with two separate offensives across the German border into Alsace-Lorraine |
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Schlieffen Plan |
German plan for an offensive attack against France - Massive attack against France through neutral Belgium - Germany could then turn on their Russian enemies and avoid a war on two fronts |
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Lusitania (1915) |
British liner that was carrying about 100 American citizens - Sunk by a German U-boat - Created a wave of anti-German feeling in the United States |
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Hindenburg Line |
A defensive set of German trenches designed as a fallback position. Breached in 1918 by the Allies. |
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Parados |
The rear wall of a trench. |
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Tanks |
First used by the British in 1916 at the Battle of the Somme in the hope of breaking the stalemate. Played a vital role in the battle of Cambrai. |
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Salient |
Part of the trench line which jutted out into enemy territory. |
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Battle of Passchendaele (Third Battle of Ypres) |
- Huge British casualties (300,000) - Made an example of the futility of trench warfare on the Western Front - Highlighted the advantages of defence of offensive tactics |
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Big push |
Attempt to win the war by intensive heavy shelling followed by an all-out assault on enemy trenches using superior numbers - Implemented at the Somme |
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Triple Entente |
The alliance of France, Britain and Russia. |
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Zimmermann telegram |
A telegram from the German Foreign minister to Mexico, urging that Mexico should form an alliance with Germany if America joined the war. Knowledge of this pushed America to join the Allies in 1917. |
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Triple Alliance |
The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Italy left in 1915. |
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Western Front |
The area of Northern France and Belgium in which most of WWI was fought. |
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Clemenceau |
- Premier of France at the end of the war - Advocated harsh terms for Germany, sought substantial reparations for France and aimed to weaken Germany overall |
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Verdun (Feb - Jul 1916) |
- A German attack on the French fort of Verdun designed to destroy the French Army - The attack failed to defeat the French but was seriously detrimental to their strength |
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The Battle of the Somme |
British attack designed to relieve pressure on the French at Verdun - Major loss for Britain - Proved that massive artillery attacks were not very effective. |
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Ace |
Airmen who had high kill rates. |
