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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How was the Schlieffen Plan modified? |
Modified by Vob Moltke (1911) to avoid the Netherlands and strengthened the Lorraine armies. |
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Why was the Schlieffen Plan unworkable? |
- Didn't reach the sea - Poor communication - Miscalculated the speed of Russian mobilisation |
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When was the battle of Marne? |
6-12th September 1914 |
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Where was the battle of Marne? |
Fought by the Marne River near Paris between Germany and the Allies |
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What happened at the battle of Marne? |
- Part of the Schlieffen Plan - Last ditch effort by Allies to stop Germans - German army became strung out, 1st and 2nd armies split - Allies attacked on all sides, confusing the Germans |
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What was the outcome of the battle of Marne? |
- Brought an end to the 'war of movement' that had dominated WW1 since August 1914. - German advance halted, stalemate and trench warfare |
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What is significant about the 2nd battle of Ypres? |
First large-scale use of gas |
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What types of gas were used during WW1? |
Chlorine, phosgene and mustard |
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When was the 2nd battle of Ypres? |
22 April- 25 May 1915 |
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Casualties at battle of Ypres: |
Allies: 70, 000 Germans: 35,000 |
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Was the use of chlorine gas successful? |
The use of chlorine gas was not decisive but it was extremely effective for a short period of time. |
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When was the battle of Cambrai? |
20 November - 4 December |
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What is significant about the battle of Cambrai? |
- Large-scale use of tanks. - Demonstrated the immense potential of the tank in achieving a breakthrough on the Western Front. |
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Why did trench warfare occur? |
- Defensive warfare too effective - Machine guns slaughtered men - Both sides dug in to prevent counterattack - Standard rifle (enfield) was not effective - Problems with tactics and generals |
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What is a 'creeping barrage'? |
An artillery bombardment on enemy trenches in front of advancing infantry. |
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When was the battle of the Somme? |
1 July - 18 November 1916 |
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Why is the battle of the Somme significant? |
- Britain's first major offensive. During this battle, the British starting improving offensive strategies that would later help the British fight back Germany and Austria-Hungary. - Number of lives lost (over 1.2 million) - Weakened the German army, forced their retreat and encouraged an allied offensive. |
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Battle of the Somme casualties: |
British: 420, 000 French: 200, 000 Germans: 465, 000 |
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Reasons and aims (battle of the Somme) |
- British wished to relieve pressure on the French at Verdun. - British were able to launch the offensive because munitions factories were reaching maximum capacity (total war), conscription introduced Jan. 1916, council of Allies formed to coordinate efforts. - Launch a 14-day offensive to drive through german lines, cut them off from supplies and force a surrender. |
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British tactics at the Somme |
Artillery bombardment of 52, 000 tonnes of shells carried out 1 week before attack to cut the wire and destroy front-line trenches. Wire wasn't cut and 2m deep German trenches were intact. |
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Why did the battle of the Somme fail? |
- Poor infrastructure of roads and rail to bring supplies to frontlines. - Failed to adequately train infantry. - Artillery didn't support infantry. - Tanks (first appearance) misused, poor territory for tanks - Generals used outdated tactics and had false hope in the cavalry who could not get across the bombed ground. |
