Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Naponleon Bonaparte
|
19th century - emperoer of France - engagded in many wars, sold US the Louisana Purchase -which with the IR allowed for expanision, - got into many wars
|
|
|
Napoleonic Code
|
served as a blueprint for many eurpean nations, women were subordinate
|
|
|
Jacobins
|
late 18th century - France - Napoleon lined himself with these people - most radical - fell from power - so did Napoelon but then he got back into power
|
|
|
Concordat with the pope
|
1801 - France - gave French Catholics right to practice religion freely
|
|
|
Why was Europe so good for the IR
|
clime: cold - had to pay a lot for heat
cross contam. of disease: lived in same house as animals in order to save money on heat Diet: had good diet of meat and milk so people were big and strong |
|
|
Order of fuels
|
coal - wood - steam
|
|
|
Watt
|
invented the steam engine in 1776 - this allowed for the steam boat which faciliated expanision and allowed trade to go quicker
|
|
|
Cort
|
1781 - found a way to make iron out of a coal deriative - drove down cost of iron - which made things easier to buy - steam engine made the demand of energy high
|
|
|
Railroad
|
1829- lowers price, allows for transportation much quicker
|
|
|
Why did people move to the city
|
because there were better job opportunities although the conditions were worse - also rural farm people did not own their farms but in America they did - there was also too little food and too many people
|
|
|
how did ireland provide the ability for IR to go
|
kept food prices down, which let wages be kept down, - facilated by the steam boat and the RR
|
|
|
Farm in Europe in the 1750s, 1800s, 1850s
|
1750: land equally mixed with oats, meat pot.
1800: more oat (cash crop) less meat 1850: so much oats because have to export more |
|
|
Great Irish Famine Time
|
1841-1851
|
|
|
What was Brits doing during the GIF
|
tried to make Ireland a free market but this wouldnt help because no import system, didnt have expression of money
|
|
|
Soup Kitche and such for Ireland
|
made work projects : but only one person per fam could use it and there were min wages, and the soup kitchen had to eat own bowl and be there --> caused people to migrate towards the soup kit. causing disease
|
|
|
Politics in Britian
|
with the IR people wants to be heard esp the working class:
|
|
|
Democrats
|
universal suffrage
|
|
|
republicism
|
much more radical than liberlas
|
|
|
socialist
|
people who questioned the nature of econ. structure and wanted govt to control econmy
|
|
|
nationalism
|
reformations came up with a solution to get rid of cenorship
|
|
|
banequets
|
France - people wanted a way to get rid of censorship so they would have banquets and write down word for word what was said -- these were banned --but it made great popular support
|
|
|
French Revolution
|
1848- causes a dilemia because these people didnt have the exact same socail views just that they didnt want because of pol probs. 0 socialist - want prive cont. and make everyone have money - republicans agree --> *liberals want free marker
**socialist win *everyone wants universal male suffrage expect librals want propety male suff. --> they lose |
|
|
britain India China Links
|
britain made opium in india and secretly sold it to china --> all possilbe because of the IR because of steam boats - secret islands
|
|
|
Economic Structure of America during Civil War
|
1861–1865
North - Industry - protected trade, immigration South - Slave - free trade and exports |
|
|
Effect of Cotton Gin on the Civil War
|
Whittney - 1793 - increases Britain and slave states --> britain helped south in CW
|
|
|
What held America before the CW
|
american rev.
political parties were all national exonimics depending on eathother -- north needed southern cotton small cities |
|
|
Frederick Douglass
|
first to state women should be equal
abolistionist |
|
|
Lydia Marie Child
|
bostonian
wrote 1833 - first radical abolistionist text by a white woman |
|
|
Harriet Beacher Stowe
|
Uncle Tom's Cabin - how bad slavery was
|
|
|
Missouri Compromise
|
1820 - no more slave states - admit main as free and missouri as slave
|
|
|
Kansas Nebraska Act
|
tips people into CW
pressure to add these as slavery states even though under the Missouri Comp they should be free - allowed settlers decide if goign to be slave state or not |
|
|
Two main reasons of CW
|
industrial Rev: allowed for cotton gin - fast trade - increasing eco *mass production, telegraphs - quickly know whats on the battle field
expansion of US-because of RR - from the IR - caused fights of slavery |
|
|
SEcond industrial revolutio
|
included America and Germany in addition to France/Brit, using coal, making iron and steel, more education - because had to read signs, chemicals, metal products
|
|
|
H. Bessemer
|
invester blast furance: controled carbon in order to make steal --> HUGE drop in price --> important for RR
|
|
|
A. Codrane
|
accidently w/ help of friend produced coal gas which lit American streets
|
|
|
Charles Macintosh
|
used coal tar deriative to make waterproof fabric--> huge econ success in Bri esp.
|
|
|
William Perkin
|
coal tar + ammonia - mauce -- germany investors -- people payed lots of money for this color
|
|
|
Bayer
|
pain killer from willow tree bark
|
|
|
Nobel
|
TNT 1867
|
|
|
Telsa
|
invented electrical motor --> powers amtrack gline **replaces steam engine - late 1800s
|
|
|
Environmental Affect of IR
|
carbon - no more cutting down trees so there was not a cont. circle
waste - thrown in to river - drinking problem 1832- cholera outbreak TCE=leukiema Diocin=birth defects |
|
|
Samual Processor
|
1778
invented flush toilet - wasnt big til 19th century because few homes had running water |
|
|
Edward Chagweght
|
identified water as source as cholera -- built sewer systems
|
|
|
America changes to envir. to help
|
reversed chicago river so it would flow into michigan - not mississppi
|
|
|
Political views of the Industrial Revolution
|
Romanticism: attacked IR - wanted harmony with nature
Liberalism=encouraged IR because they thought individuals were the primary facts to the com, state, econ Socialism=embraced -wanted redistribution to all people for wealth |
|
|
Adam Smith
|
believed in free market - all wealth is driven by work -
|
|
|
Jeremey Bentham
|
agreed with Smith and that econmy measures as humans society
|
|
|
Henri de Saint Simon
|
uptopian socialist - embraced tech changes - linked with suez canal
|
|
|
Isdore Marie Auguste francois xixier comte
|
developed sociology
perfectibility of human being uptopian sociliast |
|
|
fourier
|
didnt use scientific method commone - created by followrs
equality of men and women responded to working class of IR |
|
|
Marx
|
1818 - saw conflict betwn property owners and workers and arguest for the overthrowing of owners and a communist of workers -- effect was the working class wanting votes and unions
|
|
|
how come they couldnt attack on africa before
|
late 1800s - now had quinine - ability to be immune to the diseases
|
|
|
reasons why everyone took over africa
|
*demand of raw materials - palm oil,growing demand - new tech ( weapons) comp to access world markets
|
|
|
Suez Canal
|
constructed by Franch - 1869 - made a shorter route and cheaper to india
|
|
|
British and Eygpt
|
british wanted the canal so bought out Eygpt - all the public debt, - when they did this they brits got canal 1875 from france without blood
however cutting public ed. caused problems |
|
|
muhammad ahmad al mahdi
|
takes control of islam region in egpyt -- british dont even fight back because they are fighting else were - Gordon - defeated
|
|
|
Cicel Rhodes
|
major philospher of imperialism - made a fortune in diamonds - conquered the zulu people (south Afr.) even though he got a direct order not to
|
|
|
what were the two countries in Africa that were never possessed
|
liberia (had us protection - freed slaves) eutopia (bought arms way in advance from europe)
|
|
|
India and Britain
|
RR - to bring in troops
export raw materials/import manufactured goods --> not profitable Free market salt tax *opium |
|
|
Salt tax
|
imposed on Indians by British to maintain the RR and other constructions
|
|
|
Haitian Revolution
|
1807 - slaves revolted against France and freed themselves - this was the beginning ofthe downfall for napoleon - he realized that he couldnt hold all this land which made him sell the lousiana purchase -- important because thats how people expanded bc of IR and also caused problems with slavery and the CW
|
|
|
Maid of SaragossA
|
Agostina Domenech (aka) - fought French when Napoleon was trying to take over Saragossa 1808
|
|
|
Natheniel Rothschild
|
son was going to get married - died from small infection -- surgeon prob didnt eq. - IR changed this
|
|
|
Luddites
|
agaisnt IR - showed that not evenyone was supportive -
|
|
|
Chartism
|
1830-40sgrew out of london working class resentment of being out of political loop - demanded universal male suffrage, equal electoral districts, secret ballot, salaries for members of parliment, annual election - failed but showed how the IR was run by this low class that really got nothing out of it
|
|
|
Thomas Malthus
|
after Britian changed to laissez faire nothing really improved so he tried to explain poverty - stated it was bc of population boom which took all the food and led to falling wages --> delay by not getting married or having babies
|
|
|
phytophora infestans
|
cause of the blight in ireland --> led to immigration to cities --> who helped with the IR / fight in war
|
|
|
REform act of 1832
|
reduce amount of nomination boroughs but
|
|
|
Luddites
|
agaisnt IR - showed that not evenyone was supportive -
|
|
|
Chartism
|
1830-40sgrew out of london working class resentment of being out of political loop - demanded universal male suffrage, equal electoral districts, secret ballot, salaries for members of parliment, annual election - failed but showed how the IR was run by this low class that really got nothing out of it
|
|
|
Thomas Malthus
|
after Britian changed to laissez faire nothing really improved so he tried to explain poverty - stated it was bc of population boom which took all the food and led to falling wages --> delay by not getting married or having babies
|
|
|
phytophora infestans
|
cause of the blight in ireland --> led to immigration to cities --> who helped with the IR / fight in war
|
|
|
REform act of 1832
|
reduce amount of nomination boroughs butdidnt do enough and therefore chartism emerged
|
|
|
peoples petition
|
made up of working class - argued for universal male suffrage secret ballot annunl elections -- failed even though wrote out and very respectable way
|
|
|
Whig interpetation of History
|
presents the past as an inevitable progression towards ever greater liberty and enlightenment - not true during the 18th century there was a fall back with women - napoleonic code
|
|
|
mercantilism
|
Smith disagreed - govt regulate trade for max profits - only allow colonies to trade with motherland country - sparked by IR because this IR caused defined pol. parties and social classes
|
|
|
quakers
|
helped irish in the famine
|
|
|
Revolution of 1848
|
throughout europe - caused by diff politic ideas, gaps in class -- all from IR
|
|
|
Cetshwayo
|
king of Zulu nation (which was colonized by Rhodes)
|
|
|
socialism
|
1830s orgin - advocated govt protection of workers,
|
|
|
liberalism
|
emphazies civil rights of humans protection of property, popular amount the peopert owning middle classes
|
|
|
nationalism
|
stresses peoples membership to a country - force of unity
|
|
|
peoples petition
|
made up of working class - argued for universal male suffrage secret ballot annunl elections -- failed even though wrote out and very respectable way
|
|
|
Whig interpetation of History
|
presents the past as an inevitable progression towards ever greater liberty and enlightenment - not true during the 18th century there was a fall back with women - napoleonic code
|
|
|
mercantilism
|
Smith disagreed - govt regulate trade for max profits - only allow colonies to trade with motherland country - sparked by IR because this IR caused defined pol. parties and social classes
|
|
|
quakers
|
helped irish in the famine
|
|
|
Revolution of 1848
|
throughout europe - caused by diff politic ideas, gaps in class -- all from IR
|
|
|
Cetshwayo
|
king of Zulu nation (which was colonized by Rhodes)
|
|
|
socialism
|
1830s orgin - advocated govt protection of workers,
|
|
|
liberalism
|
emphazies civil rights of humans protection of property, popular amount the peopert owning middle classes
|
|
|
nationalism
|
stresses peoples membership to a country - force of unity
|
|
|
Posivitism
|
developed by Saint Simon - believed that social and econimic problems could be solved by scientific method
|
|
|
Posivitism
|
developed by Saint Simon - believed that social and econimic problems could be solved by scientific method
|
|
|
The Communist Manifesto
|
Marx book that stated the overthrowing of the owners and the union of the working class - scientific socialism
|
|
|
Das Kapital
|
The book is a critical analysis of capitalism and its practical economic application 1867
|
|
|
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
|
long railway in India - used by Brits in order for opium trade - payed by Indians - salt tax
|
|
|
Royal Indian Engineering College
|
1870 - british college for the indians to learn about engineering
|
|
|
Battle of Isandlwana , battle of ulundi
|
battle when the zulu beat the brits - beat gordon ,,, next battle brits won
|
|
|
King Menelik
|
the leader of Ethopia who bought weapons so they were not colonized by europe
|
|
|
Joseph Bazalgette
|
As chief engineer to London's metropolitan board of works in the mid 19th century, Bazalgette had a significant impact both on London's appearance and, through his design of an efficient sewage system, on the health of its inhabitants.
|
|
|
Maximilien Robespierre
|
lead radicals (jacobins) in the French REvoltuion
|
