Modern European History

Front 1

Which two countries were formed in the late 1800's?

Back 1

Italy and Germany

Front 2

What were some of the tensions that would help WWI break out?

Back 2

-Imperialism (the economical, political, and cultural control by one country over another country or region

-Nationalism (Pride or loyalty to one's country)

-Militarism (the build up of the military)

-Industrial Competition

-Alliance System (having allies to back you up)

Front 3

What was the actual event that sparked WWI?

Back 3

assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Austro-Hungarian Empire)

Front 4

What was the original name of WWI?

Back 4

The Great War

Front 5

What were the years of WWI?

Back 5

1914-1918

Front 6

Central Powers?

Back 6

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Front 7

Allied Forces?

Back 7

Britain, France, Russian Empire

Front 8

Was the US initially involved in the war?

Back 8

No

Front 9

What type of warfare best describes the fighting in WWI?

Back 9

Trench Warfare

Front 10

What were some of the new weapons in WWI?

Back 10

machine guns, poison gas, basic tanks, airplanes, submarines

Front 11

What country drops out of the war in 1917? Why?

Back 11

Russia, Revolution

Front 12

Which country enters the war in 1917 on the Allied side?

Back 12

United States

Front 13

On what day was an armistice agreement signed?

Back 13

November 11, 1918 (Veteran's Day)

Front 14

Which treaty officially ended the war?

Back 14

Treaty of Versailles

Front 15

Which country was blamed for the war and therefore was forced to pay for reparation or payments for the damages?

Back 15

Germany

Front 16

What were some of the major effects of WWI?

Back 16

-New European nations created

-League of Nations established

-8.5 million people killed

-Economic Problems

-Political Problems

Front 17

What two countries became the superpower after WWI?

Back 17

USA and Soviet Union

Front 18

Cold War?

Back 18

The political tension between the free countries of the west led by the USA and the communist countries of the East led by the Soviet Union. 1945-1990

Front 19

How did the Cold War affect Europe?

Back 19

Eastern Europe: Communism

Western Europe: Democracies

Front 20

In what two countries was Germany divided into after WWI?

Back 20

Eastern and Western Germany

Front 21

Why did many countries like the idea of a divided Germany?

Back 21

So they could have both a democracy and communist government

Front 22

Berlin Crises?

Back 22

The Soviet Union set up a blockade in an attempt to stop the western allies from uniting their portion of the city. He closed all roads and railroads.

US Response: Flew in all supplies with a massive airlift. Soviets back down after 11 months.

Front 23

Why was the Berlin Wall constructed in the 1960's by East Germany?

Back 23

To stop East Germany from fleeing to West Germany

Front 24

Containment?

Back 24

US policy to stop the spread of Communism

Front 25

What were two new programs the USA used to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe after WWI?

Back 25

Truman Doctrine: 1947, give aid to any country threatened by communism

Marshal Plan: 1947, give aid to help rebuild the economies of European nations

Front 26

What were the two military alliances that developed after WWI that represented the Cold War?

Back 26

NATO: 1947, includes the US and democracies of Western Europe

Warsaw Pact: 1955, Includes the Soviet Union and the communist countries of Eastern Europe

Front 27

Western Europe

Back 27

Democracy, developed economy

Front 28

Eastern Europe:

Back 28

Communist, less developed economy

Front 29

What major event happened in 1990 that changed many governments in Eastern Europe and brought an end to the Cold War in 1990? + effect

Back 29

Fall of the Soviet Union

effect: democracies and free market economies grew

Front 30

What country has reunited by 1990?

Back 30

Germany

Front 31

What countries have been divided into two or more nations?

Back 31

Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia)

Yugoslavia (6 different countries now)

Front 32

Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo

Back 32

Nato steps in

Front 33

European Union

Back 33

Economic cooperation, common currency, free trade

Front 34

What were some of the problems many countries were facing in Europe after WWI?

Back 34

Economic problems, political problems

Front 35

What type of government did Germany have following WWI?

Back 35

democracy

Front 36

What countries turned to dictators as a way to solve their problems?

Back 36

Germany-Adolf Hitler

Italy-Benito Mussolini

Front 37

Fascism?

Back 37

A political system that places the nation above the individual and is headed by a dictator.

Front 38

What was also happening in the USA by the early 1930's?

Back 38

Great Depression

Front 39

What was the name of the Fascist leader in Germany?

Back 39

Adolf Hitler

Front 40

What was the name of the Fascist party in Germany?

Back 40

Nazi party

Front 41

What were some of the major beliefs of the nazi party?

Back 41

Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, Anti-Communism

Front 42

Timeline of events leading to WWII:

1936-

Back 42

Germany sends troops into Rhineland

Front 43

1938-

Back 43

Germany annexes Austria

Front 44

Appeasement?

Back 44

A policy in which you give into an aggressor to preserve peace.

Front 45

What country did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with in 1939?

Back 45

Soviet Union

Front 46

1939-

Back 46

Germany invades Poland.

Front 47

Years of WWII?

Back 47

1939-1945

Front 48

Axis Powers:

Back 48

Germany, Italy, Japan

Front 49

Allied Powers:

Back 49

Britain, USA, France, Soviet Union

Front 50

What event actually got the USA involved with WWII?

Back 50

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Front 51

Was Germany successful in the early years of the war?

Back 51

yes

Front 52

Battle of Stalingrad-

Back 52

Soviet Forces defeat the Germans capturing 91,000 German troops. Germany retreats.

Front 53

D-Day-

Back 53

It landed allied troops on the beaches of Normandy and opened a second front in the West.

Front 54

On what date did Germany surrender?

Back 54

May 7, 1945

Front 55

What were some of the major effects of WWII?

Back 55

1. most destructive war in history

2. 30 million people killed in Europe

3. 60 million people killed worldwide

4. Created 2 new superpowers

5. Created the Cold War of Europe

6. Use of Atomic Bomb

7. Creation of United Nations

8. Holocaust

Front 56

What country suffered the most casualties as a result of WWII?

Back 56

Soviet Union

Front 57

How many people did the USA lose?

Back 57

400,000

Front 58

How many people did Germany lose?

Back 58

7.3 million

Front 59

Holocaust:

Back 59

The genocide of 6 million jews in Europe by the Nazis

Front 60

Genocide:

Back 60

The systematic killing of a certain group

Front 61

Final Solution:

Back 61

Nazi plan to kill all Jews in Europe

Front 62

Kristallnacht: The night of broken glass

Back 62

The Nazis destroyed thousands of Jewish shops and synagogues

Front 63

synagogue

Back 63

A Jewish place of worship

Front 64

ghettos

Back 64

the poorest parts of cities where Jews were forced to live

Front 65

concentration camp

Back 65

prisons where jews were sent to work or systematically killed

Front 66

Auschwitz

Back 66

Poland

Front 67

Jewish children in Europe

Back 67

30,000 survived by hiding

10,000 were sent to Britain

1.5 million dead

Front 68

Generally people died due to...

Back 68

starvation, disease, shootings, beatings, and gas chambers

Front 69

Nuremberg Trials

Back 69

Trials after WWII of Nazi Officials

Front 70

Effects of the Holocaust-

Back 70

Over 6 million Jews killed

Country of Israel created