Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rise of the CCP
|
-Strong base in North China, esp. with local peasants
-Gained favor with land reform, rules of discipline, and party persuasion -Speak Bitterness--turn peasant fear into political motivation, incite hate of landlords -once in power, goals were increased agricultural production (for industry) and stopping inflation |
|
Fall of the KMT
|
-Distrusted locals because they collaborated with Japanese
-Corruption by KMT officials -Hyperinflation -Treated locals as traitors, alienated them -Overall, helped lead to their downfall |
|
Neighborhood Committees
|
-400-500 families under the party in control of policing, fire control, explaining party doctrine, etc.
-means of giving the party oversight into everyone's lives |
|
Thought Reform
|
-1951
-Mao feared intellectuals -reeducation campaign targeted at intellectuals to teach them party ideals -cleansing process to make them worthy of Mao |
|
Permanent Revolution
|
-Mao thought gradual development would lead to the end of the revolution and free market capitalism
-by making ideology at the focus, it would keep the revolution from stopping |
|
Great Leap Forward
|
-Millions of people working hard would lead to rapid growth
-Manpower is China's greatest resource -Peasants have two good qualities: ignorant and desperate -Materials taken from useful projects to fuel backyard steel production--waste leads to decrease in productivity -20-30 million people die -leads to discontent of cadres who tended to themselves in desperation |
|
People's Communes
|
-30,000 people each
-based on hours worked; led to decrease in productivity -became self sufficient-no bureaucratic oversite -present false productivity numbers:prevents gov't from enacting reforms |
|
Peng Dehuai
|
-interviewed peasants about actual life
-showed Mao, who saw it as an attack -publicized it and used as means to develop a "with or against me" attitude -threatened the CCP and PLA -authorities eventually caved |
|
Liu Shaoqi
|
-named head of state
-believed in gradual, planned economic development -seized by Red Guard during Cultural Revolution for being a capitalist |
|
Cultural Revolution
|
-Mao sees the party as corrupt and decides to purge it
-turns to the masses (the Red Guard) -PLA becomes a political player -PLA publishes "Quotations of Mao" |
|
Zhou Enlai
|
-Seen as a balance to Mao
-Died in Mao's doghouse but the people loved him -Gathering in Tiananmnen Square to commemmorate his passing become violent -Deng Xiaoping is blamed and demoted |
|
Gang of Four
|
-Mao's wife and three other close friends
-Blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution |
|
Hua Guofeng
|
-Named party leader after Mao as he is not mired in political experience/corruption
-Deng Xiaoping is running things behind the scenes |
|
Deng Xiaoping
|
-pragmatist: economic development is first priority, not ideology
-FOUR MODERNIZATIONS: agriculture, industry, defense, and science -economic reform included privitization: increased productivity -abandoned communes: who would take over their roles -privitization led to unemployment, increased taxes by local cadres, corruption -slimmed down but modernized military |
|
Fifth Modernization
|
-Wei Jingsheng posted it on the Democracy Wall
-democracy is a prerequisite to modernization -led to his arrest and the closure of the wall |
|
Household Responsibility
|
-Houses must meet a quota to give to the government
-excesses may be used for food, can be sold to the government, or sold on the free market -people move to cities and buy food to meet quota -agricultural shortage -breakdown of infrastructure: w/o communes, who takes over healthcare, etc. |
|
Work Unit System
|
-Industries are work units
-Gov't pays industries so they don't fail--don't want civil unrest -failure would mean unemployment because worker mobility was not available |
|
Iron Rice Bowl
|
-If you are loyal to the state, it will garuntee you employment regardless of how much or how hard you work
|
|
Special Economic Zones
|
-Incentivized foreign investment
-Joint venture poured capital into Chinese economy -Legal sytem forced to conform to international standards -underworld develops -leads to economic gap between coast and inland areas |
|
Doka Movement
|
-Taiwanese assimilation into Japanese society
-Abolished the Taiwanese language -Encouraged the use of Japanese names -Forced Shinto participation |
|
Cultural Reconstruction
|
-KMT tries to eliminate Japanese influence
-Mandates the use of Mandarin -No Taiwanese elite in the government |
|
February 28 Incident
|
-1970
-KMT officials harass a woman, crowd gathers, police shoot into crowd -demonstrations all over Taiwan (feature Japanese praises) -Military reinforcements called in -KMT is distrusted and feared |
|
Gaoxiong Incident
|
-1979
-unofficial protest by opposition party is suppressed by government |
|
SCAP
|
-Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces
-under Gen. MacArthur -New Dealists work for democracy (but not so much as to hurt the emperor) -Intelligence section focuses on security -Economic and science sections see decentralization as destabilizing |
|
International Military Tribunal for the East
|
-1946-48
-Several hanged, imprisoned Japan has a clear slate |
|
Zaibatsu
|
-conglomerations of banks, other industries
-seen as outdated and undemocratic -centralization hurts farmers and is despised -mostly disassembled by SCAP folling WWII |
|
Reverse Course
|
1948-1952
-focus is on economic development -democracy put on backburner |
|
Yoshida Shigeru
|
-Main broker of US/Japan relations
-likes imperialism but sees the need to cooperate with west: seen as pro-western -imprisoned for advising the emperor to make a treaty during war -failed to keep Japan politically neutral -got Japanese independence, US military protection, access to US markets -eventually Prime Minister |
|
Economic Miracle
|
-10% growth in 50s and 60s
-shipbuilding flourishes -MITI protect the auto industry -increased domestic consumption -urban migration |
|
Security Treaty Crisis
|
-protests outside of Diet over treaty with US
-people don't necessarily want to side with US: won't necessarily win Cold War and their soldiers are committing crimes in Japan -Treaty is ratified but the Prime Minister is forced to resign |
|
Ministry of Finance & Ministry of International Trade and Investment
|
-guides the Japanese economy
-controls access to foreign currency, import/export licenses, etc. -largely successful at promoting economic growth |
|
Mitsui Mining Company
|
-Asked for 6000 voluntary early retirements
-Union starts a violent strike |
|
August Committee for Preperation of Korean Independence
|
-Forced land reform and attacked Japanese collaborators
-envisioned a "Korean People's Republic" -Yo Un-hyung is most visible member (populist, not a communist--liked wilsonian democracy) |
|
Syngman Rhee
|
-brought back as a pillar of stability in Korea
-used police to build a dictatorship -purged dissidents -wanted war with North Korea -passed the National Security Act |
|
Juch'e
|
-Koreanness
-subjective state of mind -correct thought will lead to correct action |
|
National Security Act
|
-anybody who supports, praises, abbetts, etc. an "enemy" state will be imprisoned for treason
-very vague and abused |
|
April Revolution
|
-Rhee wins 1960 election with 90% of vote
-protests over election fraud -Rhee calls in police who shoot protesters: leads to more protests -Army called in but will not follow Rhee's orders -Rhee removed by US in 2 days and sent to Hawaii -John Chang is put in power |
|
John Chang
|
-follows Rhee
-entertains public debates over issues: leads to public demonstrations -he's ousted in Park Chung Hee's coup |
|
Kim Dae Jung
|
-beats Park Chung Hee in an election but is almost killed and imprisoned
-blamed for Kwangju Incident -exiled to US -returns to become president -saves economy by defying IMF -leaves after a corruption scandal |
|
Park Chung Hee
|
-Overthrows John Chang and establishes a dictatorship
-eliminates internal divisions -bolsters economy by following Japan's example (no free market but regulations, light industry to heavy industry)--is beloved -killed by head of KCIA |
|
Chun Doo Hwan
|
-General who puts himself in power
-when riots erupt, he imposes martial law |
|
Kwangju Incident
|
-1980
-riots over Chun Doo Hwan's coup and lack of US response -special forces and military kill protesters -Kim Dae Jung is blamed for violent repression |
|
Roh Moo Hyun
|
-current SK leader
-ran on an anti-American platform |