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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The study of the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo is:
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chemistry.
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Chemistry is a physical science.
Physical sciences are concerned primarily with nonliving things. |
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A logical approach to the solution of problems that lend themselves to investigations by observing, generalizing, theorizing, and testing is:
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the scientific method.
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The way scientists carry out their investigations is often referred to as the "scientific method".
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Numerical information is referred to as:
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quantitative information.
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Nonnumerical information is referred to as:
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qualitative information.
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A testable statement is a:
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hypothesis.
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A hypothesis is the basis for making predictions and carrying out further experiments.
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A generalization that describes a wide variety of behaviors in nature is known as a:
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law.
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Laws may be expressed by mehematical equations or concise statemnts.
Scientific laws describe, but do NOT explain, natural phenomena. |
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A broad generalization that EXPLAINS a body of known facts or phenomena is a:
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theory.
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Theories can never be proven, but they are considered successful if they can predict the results of many new experiments.
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Anything that has mass and occupies space is known as:
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matter.
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What method of mining sulfur is used in Texas and Louisiana?
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the Frach process
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It uses a system of pipes to pump superheated water under pressure
into the sulfur deposit. Molten sulfur is then forced to the surface by compressed air. |
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List 2 natural occurrences of sulfur dioxide.
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1. Found in some volcanic gases.
2. Found in some mineral waters. |
Its primary source is the burning of coal and fuel oil that contains sulfur as an impurity.
As these fuels are burned, the sulfur combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. |
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List several physical properties of sulfur dioxide.
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1. colorless gas
2. suffocating, choking odor 3. more than twice as dense as air 4. very soluble in water 5. one of the easiest gases to liquefy |
sulfur dioxide becomes liquid at room temperature under a pressure of about 3 atm (atmospheres).
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List several chemical properties of sulfur dioxide.
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1. Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid. It ionizes in dilute water solution in 2 stages.
2. Hot, concentrated sulfuric acid is a vigorous oxidizing agent. e. The strong attraction of sulfuric acid for water makes it a very good dehydrating agen. |
Gases that do not react with sulfuric acid can be dried by bubbling them through the concentrated acid.
Sulfuric acid is such an active dehydrating agent that it takes H and O directly from certain substances in the proportion in which they are found in water. |
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What are the uses of sulfur dioxide?
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1. to make superphosphate (60% produced in U.S. is used for this)
2. to make phosphoric and other acids, various sulfates, and many chemicals 3. serves as a dehydrating agent in production of smokeless powder and nitroglycerin 4. to make photo film, nitrocellulose plastics, rayon, paints and pigments, cellophane 5. is the electrolyte in lead storage batteries |
photo film
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In what form does sulfur appear in nature?
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As the free element or combined with other elements in sulfides and sulfates.
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Commonly in the form of pale, yellow crystals.
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Where is sulfur found in the U.
S.A.? |
Texas and Louisiana
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List some physical characteristics of sulfur.
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1. yellow
2. odorless 3. solid |
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List some chemical characteristics of sulfur.
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1. at room temperature, is not very active chemically
2. when heated, combines with O to produce sulfuric dioxide (SO2) |
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Name some of the uses of elemental sulfur.
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1. About 90% is used to make sulfuric acid.
2. In making sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and other sulfur compounds. 3. Matchs, fireworks, black gunpowder all contain either sulfur or sulfur compounds. 4. In preparation of certain dyes, medicines, and fungicides. 5. In making practical forms of rubber. |
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Which chemical is one of the most important used in industry?
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sulfuric acid
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It is used in fertilizer manufacture, petroleum refining, explosives production, the making of lead storage batters, etc
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Precipitation having a pH below about 5.6 is known as:
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acid precipitation
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Acid precipitation:
forms when oxides of sulfur or nitrogen enter the air and dissolve in airborne water vapor, producing acids, and, as a result, lower the pH of precipitation below the average normal pH of 5.6. |
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Define amorphous sulfur.
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A rubbery, dark brown or black mass made
by pouring boiling sulfur (at 200 degrees C) into cold water. |
"plastic sulfur"
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