Modern Chemi- Unit Five

Front 1

soluble

Back 1

capable of being dissolved

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solution

Back 2

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase

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solvent

Back 3

the dissolving medium

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solute

Back 4

the substance dissolved in a solution

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electrolyte

Back 5

a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

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Nonelectrolyte

Back 6

a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current

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alloy

Back 7

mixtures or solutions in which the atoms of two or more elements, usually metals, are uniformly mixed

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suspension

Back 8

heterogeneous mixture of a solvent like substance with particles that slowly settle out

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colloids

Back 9

particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures know as collodial dispersions or,

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solution equilibrium

Back 10

physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolving and crystallizing of a solute occur at equal rates

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saturated solution

Back 11

a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute... (CG sucks)

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unsaturated solution

Back 12

a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution

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supersaturated solution

Back 13

a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution

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solubility

Back 14

the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature

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immiscible

Back 15

substances that are not soluble in each other

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miscible

Back 16

two substances that are mutually soluable in all proportions

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Henry's Law

Back 17

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressur eof that gas on the surface of the liquid

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effervescence

Back 18

the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved

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heat of solution

Back 19

the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a solute dissolves in a specific amount of solvent

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solvated

Back 20

a solute molecule or ion surrounded by solvent molecules

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concentration

Back 21

a measurement of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution

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molarity

Back 22

the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution

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percent by mass

Back 23

the number of grams of solute dissovled in 100 g of solution

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molality

Back 24

the concentration of solution expressed in moles of solute per kilograms of solvent

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nonvolatile

Back 25

a substance that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions

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colligative property

Back 26

a property that depends on the number of solute particles but is independant of their nature

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molal freezing point constant (Kt)

Back 27

the freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a nonvolitle, molecular solute

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freezing point depression

Back 28

the difference between the freezing poitns of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte soltuion in that solvent and is directly proportional to the molal conentration of hte solution

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molal boiling point constant(Kb)

Back 29

the boiling point elevation of the solvent in a 1 molal solutionof a nonvolatile molecular solution

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boiling point elevation

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the difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution in tha tsolvent and is directly proportional to the molal concentraion of the solution

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aqueous solution

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a solution in which water is the solvent

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hydration

Back 32

process with water as the solvent

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heat of hydration

Back 33

the energy released when ions become surrounded by water molecule

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dissociation

Back 34

the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

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spectator ions

Back 35

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction

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net ionic equation

Back 36

includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution and does not include spectator ions

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ionization

Back 37

the formation of ions from solute molecules by the action of the solvent

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Hydronium

Back 38

H30+ ion

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strong electrolyte

Back 39

any substance that is present in dilute aqueous solution as entirely hydrated

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weak electrolyte

Back 40

a solute that yields a relatively low concentration of ions in aqueous solution

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traditional acid

Back 41

a chemical compound that contains hydrogen and ionized in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions

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Bronsted acid

Back 42

a molecule or ion that is a proton doner

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Lewis Acid

Back 43

an atom, ion, or molecule that is an electron-pair acceptor

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strong acid

Back 44

an acid that is a strong electrolyte and ionizes 100% in aqueous solutions

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monoprotic acid

Back 45

an acid that can donate one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule