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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity Theory
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Genetics; Criminal traits are inherited
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Assumptions
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1) Behavior determined by factors present at birth
2) Factors transmitted biologically from parent to child 3) Criminal traits that are transmitted are abnormal in nature |
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Research
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1) Family Studies - can't separate heredity from environment; learned.
2) Twin Studies - inherited trait between MZ and DZ twins; More CONCORDANCE with MZ twins. 3) Adoption Studies - Biological parents and Adopted parents. |
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Concordance
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Similarity on a trait; Trait present in both; Trait absent in both.
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Disordance
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One twin has trait but other twin does not.
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Early Twin Studies
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Concordance higher among MZ twins; FLAWS are observed.
1) Very small sample sizes 2) Subject determination of zygosity 3) Measured OFFICIALLY and not self-reported. |
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Later Twin Studies
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1) Larger sample sizes
2) DNA/Blood testing to determine zygosity 3) Measured self-reported crime among twins |
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Criminality & Adoption Studies
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1) Highest when both Bio & Adopted Dad criminal
2) Next highest when only BIO Dad is criminal 3) Next when only adoptive Dad criminal 4) Lowest when neither criminal |
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Other Modern Bio Theories
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1) Neurophysiology (Brain)
2) Genetics (Heredity, etc...) 3) Biochemistry (Hormone levels) |
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Terrie Moffitt
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Produced neuropsychological model of male delinquency; Factors affecting male delinquents include visibility, verbal ability, mental functioning - leading to Life-course criminality.
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Life-Course-Persistent
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Antisocial Behavior; Beginning at age 13 and continued into later life
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Adolescent-Limited
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Moffitt's mental functioning factors are not proposed in this theory; Delinquency does no persist into adulthood.
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Research on Testosterone & Crime
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1) Relationships appear weak
2) Result from social environmental factors related to crime 3) No claims of testosterone CAUSING crime; Claims that testosterone FACILITATE crime. 4) Measures social integration and prior delinquency |
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Policy Implications
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1) Selective breeding or sterilization policies
2) Alterations in individuals' chemical & physiological structures 3) Dietary therapy, genetic counseling, drug therapy 4) Community programs |
