Modern American Timeline 1900-2000

Front 1

1901

Back 1

Lit
1. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala Sa) "Impressions of an Indian Childhood"
2. Theodore Dreiser - "Old Rogaum and His Theresa"
3. Jack London - "The Law of Life"
4. Frank Norris - "A Plea for Romantic Fiction
5. Booker T. Washington - "Up From Slavery"

Hint 1

History
1. J.P. Morgan founds U.S. Steel Corporation
2. First transatlantic radio

Front 2

1903

Back 2

Lit
1. W.E.B. Du Bois - "The Souls of Black Folk"
2. Washington Matthews edits - "The Night Chant: A Navajo Ceremony

Hint 2

History
1. Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Co.
2. Wright brothers make the first successful airplane flight
3. "The Great Train Robbery" is first U.S. cinematic narrative

Front 3

1905

Back 3

Lit

Hint 3

History
1. Industrial Workers of the World founded

Front 4

1907

Back 4

Lit
1. W.D. Howells - "Editha"
2. Mary Austin - "The Walking Woman"
3. John M. Oskison - "The Problem of Old Harjo"
4. Henry Adams - "The Education of Henry Adams"

Hint 4

History

Front 5

1908

Back 5

Lit

Hint 5

History
1. "Ash Can" school of painters exhibits works in New York City

Front 6

1909

Back 6

Lit

Hint 6

History
1. National association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded

Front 7

1910

Back 7

Lit
1. Frances Densmore - "Chippewa Songs"
2. Edith Wharton - "The Eyes"

Front 8

1912

Back 8

Lit

Hint 8

History
1. "Poetry" magazine first published

Front 9

1914

Back 9

Lit

Hint 9

History
1. Panama Canal opens

Front 10

1916

Back 10

Lit
1. Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa) - "From the Deep Woods to Civilization"

Front 11

1914

Back 11

Lit
1. Robert Frost - "Home Burial"
2. Carl Sandburg - "Chicago"

Hint 11

History
1. World War I begins

Front 12

1915

Back 12

Lit
1. Edgar Lee Masters - "Spoon River Anthology"
2. Ezra Pound begins - "Cantos"

Hint 12

History
1. Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern industrial cities

Front 13

1917

Back 13

lIT

Hint 13

History
1. United States declares war on Germany
2. Revolution in Russia brings Communist Party to power

Front 14

1918

Back 14

Lit
1. Willa Cather - "My Antonia"

Hint 14

History
1. Daylight Savings Time instituted to allow more daylight for war production

Front 15

1919

Back 15

Lit
1. Sherwood Anderson - "Winesburg Ohio"
2. Angelina Weld Grimke - "The Closing Door"
3. Amy Lowell - "Madonna of the Evening Flowers"

Hint 15

History
1. Senate limits U.S. participation in League of Nations; does not ratify Versailles Treaty to end World War I

Front 16

1920

Back 16

Lit
1. Anzia Yezierska - "The Lost Beautifulness"
2. Pound - "Hugh Selwyn Mauberley"
3. Edwin Arlington Robinson - "Mr. Flood's Party

Hint 16

History
1. 18th Amendment prohibits teh manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages
2. 19th Amendment gives women the vote

Front 17

1920-1927

Back 17

Lit

Hint 17

History
1. Sacco-Vanzetti Trial

Front 18

1921

Back 18

Lit
1. T.S. Eliot - "The Waste Land"
2. Claude McKay - "Africa; America"
3. Marianne Moore - "Poetry"

Hint 18

History

Front 19

1922

Back 19

Lit

Hint 19

History
1. Fascism rises in Europe; Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy

Front 20

1923

Back 20

Lit
1. Wallace Stevens - "Sunday Morning"

Hint 20

History

Front 21

1924

Back 21

Lit
1. Robinson Jeffers - "To the Stone Cutters"
2. John Crowe Ransom - "Here Lies a Lady"
3. H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) - "Helen"

Hint 21

History

Front 22

1925

Back 22

Lit
1. Countee Cullen - "Heritage"
2. Gertrude Stein - "The Making of Americans"
3. Alain Locke publishes "The New Negro", leading anthology of the Harlem Renaissance

Hint 22

History

Front 23

1926

Back 23

Lit
1. Hart Crane - "The Bridge"
2. Langston Hughes - "The Weary Blues"

Hint 23

History

Front 24

1927

Back 24

Lit

Hint 24

History
1. "The Jazz Singer", first full-length "talkie" is released

Front 25

1929

Back 25

Lit

Hint 25

History
1. Stock market crashes; Great Depression begins

Front 26

1930

Back 26

Lit
1. Katherine Anne Porter - "Flowering Judas"
2. Dorothy Parker - "The Waltz"

Hint 26

History
1. Sinclair Lewis is first American to win Nobel Prize for literature

Front 27

1931

Back 27

Lit
1. E.E. Cummings "i sing of Olaf glad and big"
2. F. Scott Fitzgerald - "Babylon Revisited"

Hint 27

History

Front 28

1932

Back 28

Lit
1. Black Elk and John G. Neihardt - "Black Elk Speaks"
2. Sterling A. Brown - "He was a Man"

Hint 28

History
1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "New Deal" introduces social security, welfare, and unemployment insurance

Front 29

1933

Back 29

Lit
1. James Thurber - "The Night the Bed Fell"

Hint 29

History
1. Adolf Hitler's Nationalist Socialist party comes to power in Germany
2. 18th Amendment repealed

Front 30

1934

Back 30

Lit
1. William Carlos Williams - "This is Just to Say"

Hint 30

History
1. Wheeler-Howard (Indian Reorganization Act) passed, ending Dawes era.

Front 31

1936

Back 31

Lit
1. Ernest Hemingway - "The Snows of Kilimanjaro"
2. Genevieve Taggard - "For Eager Lovers"

Hint 31

History
1. Hitler begins armed occupation of Europe, precipitating World War II
2. Beginning of Spanish Civil War: U.S. volunteers among those fighting against General Franco, who becomes dictator of Spain

Front 32

1937

Back 32

Lit
1. Zora Neale Hurston - "Their Eyes were Watching God"
2. Thomas Wolfe - "The Lost Boy"

Hint 32

History
1. Amelia Earhart vanishes during her attempt to fly around the world

Front 33

1938

Back 33

Lit
1. John Dos Passos - "U.S.A."
2. William Faulkner - "Barn Burning"

Hint 33

History

Front 34

1939

Back 34

Lit
1. Richard Wright - "The Man Who Was Almost a Man"

Hint 34

History
1. End of Spanish Civil War
2. Beginning of WWII
3. Beginning of the Holocaust

Front 35

1940

Back 35

Lit
1. Eugene O'Neill - "Long Day's Journey into Night"

Hint 35

History

Front 36

1941

Back 36

Lit
1. Eudora Welty - "Petrified Man"

Hint 36

History
1. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
2. US declares war on Japan and its allies, Germany and Italy

Front 37

1944

Back 37

Lit
1. Muriel Rukeyser - "Suicide Blues"

Hint 37

History
1. D. Day; Allied invasion of Normandy

Front 38

1945

Back 38

Lit
1. John Steinbeck - "The Leader of the People"
2. Randall Jarrell - "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner"

Hint 38

History
1. German forces surrender
2. U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders, ending World War II
3. Cold War between US and Soviet Union begins

Front 39

1947

Back 39

Lit
1. Tennessee Williams - "A Streetcar Named Desire"
2. (1948) Theodore Roethke - "The Lost Son"

Hint 39

History
1. Jackie Robinson becomes the first black major-league ballplayer

Front 40

1949

Back 40

Lit
1. Arthur Miller - "Death of a Salesman"

Hint 40

History

Front 41

1950

Back 41

Lit
1. Richard Wilbur - "Ceremony"

Hint 41

History
1. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins attacks on communism
2. Beginning of the Korean War

Front 42

1951

Back 42

Lit
1. Saul Bellow - "Looking for Mr. Green"

Hint 42

History

Front 43

1952

Back 43

Lit
1. Ralph Ellison - "Invisible Man"

Hint 43

History

Front 44

1953

Back 44

Lit
1. Charles Olson - "Maximus, to Himself"

Hint 44

History
1. end of the Korean War
2. House Concurrent Resolution 108 dictates government's intention to "terminate" its treaty relations with the Native American tribes

Front 45

1954`

Back 45

Lit

Hint 45

History
1. Brown v. Board of Education declares segregated schools unconstitutional
2. Beat Generation poets begin to gather at San Francisco's City Lights Bookshop

Front 46

1955

Back 46

Lit
1. Flannery O'Connor - "Good Country People"
2. 1955-1968 - John Berryman composes - "Dream Songs" (pub. 64, 68, 77)

Hint 46

History

Front 47

1956

Back 47

Lit
1. Gore Vidal - "The Robin"
2. Allen Ginsberg - "Howl"

Hint 47

History
1. Martin Luther King Jr. leads bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama

Front 48

1958

Back 48

Lit
1. Bernard Malamud - "The Magic Barrel"

Hint 48

History

Front 49

1959

Back 49

Lit
1. Philip Roth - "Defender of the Faith"
2. Robert Creeley - "Kore"
3. Robert Lowell - "My Last Afternoon with Uncle Devereux Wilson"

Hint 49

History

Front 50

Lit
a 1960, b1961, c1962
History
a 1960, b1961, c 1962

Back 50

Lit
1. a Thomas Pynchon - "Entropy"
2. b Denise Levertov - "The Jacob's Ladder"
3. c Robert Hayden - "Middle Passage"

Hint 50

History
1. Woolworth lunch counter sit-in in Greensboro, N.C., marks beginning of Civil Rights movement
2. b Armed Cuban refugees invade Cuba at Bay of Pigs with U.S. support
3. c United States and Soviet Union close to war over Russian missiles based in Cuba; missiles withdrawn
4. Andy Warhol paints "Four Campbell's Soup Cans"

Front 51

1963

Back 51

Lit

Hint 51

History
1. King delivers "I have a Dream" speech
2. black church in Birmingham, Alabama, bombed, killing four girls
3. President John F. Kennedy assassinated

Front 52

1964

Back 52

Lit
1. John Cheever - "The Swimmer"
2. Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) - "Dutchman"
3. Frank O'Hara - "A Step Away from Them"
4. Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones), "An Agony. As Now"

Hint 52

History

Front 53

1965

Back 53

Lit
1. James Baldwin - "Going to Meet the Man"

Hint 53

History
1. Riots break out in Watts section of Los Angeles
2. Malcom X assassinated
3. Vietnam War
4. Hippie culture flourishes in San Francisco

Front 54

1966

Back 54

Lit
1. James Merill - "The Broken Home"
2. Sylvia Plath - "Ariel"

Hint 54

History
1. National Organization for Women (NOW) founded, initiating "second wave" feminist movement
2. Hayden and Brooks criticized at Black Writers' Conference, Fisk University, for composing "academic" poetry

Front 55

1968

Back 55

Lit
1. Norman Mailer - "the Armies of the Night"
2. George Oppen - "Of Being Numerous"

Hint 55

History
1. King assassinated
2. Senator Robert Kennedy assassinated

Front 56

1969

Back 56

Lit
1. N. Scott Momaday - "The Way to Rainy Mountain"
2. Galway Kinnell - "The Porcupine"
3. Lorine Niedecker - "My Life by Water"
4. Robert Penn Warren - "Audubon"

Hint 56

History
1. US astronauts land on the moon
2. Stonewall riots in New York City initiate gay liberation movement
3. Woodstock Festival held near Bethel, New York

Front 57

1970

Back 57

Lit
1. Ishmael Reed - "Neo-HooDoo Manifesto"

Hint 57

History
1. National Guard kills four students during antiwar demonstration at Kent State University, Ohio

Front 58

1972

Back 58

Lit
1. Joanna Russ - "When It Changed"
2. A.R. Ammons - Grace Abounding"
3. Anne Sexton - "The Death of the Fathers"

Hint 58

History
1. Watergate scandal
2. Military draft ends

Front 59

1973

Back 59

Lit
1. Alice Walker - "Everyday Use"
2. Adrienne Rich - "Diving into the Wreck"

Hint 59

History
1. Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion
2. American Indian Movement members occupy Wounded Knee and battle FBI agents
3. Vietnam War ends

Front 60

1974

Back 60

Lit
1. Grace Paley, "A Conversation with My Father"

Hint 60

History
1. President Richard Nixon resigns in wake of Watergate, avoiding impeachment

Front 61

1975

Back 61

Lit
1. Donald Barthelme - "A Manual for Sons"
2. Barry Hannah - "Midnight and I'm Not Famous Yet"
3. Clarence Major - "An Area in the Cerebral Hemisphere"
4. John Updike - "Separating"
5. John Ashbery - "Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror"
6. Michael S. Harper - "Nightmare Begins Responsibility"

Hint 61

History

Front 62

1976

Back 62

Lit
1. Elizabeth Bishop - "In the Waiting Room"

Hint 62

History
1. US bicentennial

Front 63

1977

Back 63

Lit
1. Annie Dillard - "Holy the Firm"

Hint 63

History

Front 64

1978 a
1979 b

Back 64

Lit
1. Ann Beattie - "Weekend"
2. Audre Lorde - "Chain"
3. b Philip Levine - "Starlight"
4. b Mary Oliver - "The Black Snake"

Hint 64

History

Front 65

1980

Back 65

Lit
1. Toni Cade Bambara - "Medley"
2. Louise Gluck - "Illuminations"

Hint 65

History

Front 66

1981

Back 66

Lit
1. Leslie Marmon Silko - "Lullaby"

Hint 66

History

Front 67

1982

Back 67

Lit
1. Raymond Carver - "Cathedral"
2. David Mamet - "Glengarry Glen Ross"
3. Kurt Vonnegut - "Fates Worse Than Death"
4. James Wright - "The Journey"

Hint 67

History
1. Equal Rights Amendment defeated
2. antinuclear movement protests manufacture of nuclear weapons
3. AIDS officially identified in the US

Front 68

1983

Back 68

Lit
1. Paul Marshall - "Reena"
2. Toni Morrison - "Recitatif"
3. Joy Harjo - "Call It Fear"
4. Cathy Song - "Chinatown"
5. Joseph Bruhac, ed., "Songs from This Earth on Turtle's Back"

Hint 68

History

Front 69

1984

Back 69

Lit
1. Stephen Dixon - "Time to Go"

Hint 69

History

Front 70

1985

Back 70

Lit
1. Ursula K. Le Guin - "She Unnames Them"
2. Don DeLillo - "White Noise"
3. Alberto Rios - "Advice to a First Cousin"

Hint 70

History

Front 71

1986

Back 71

Lit
1. Denise Chavez - "The Last of the Menu Girls"
2. Louise Erdrich - "Fleur"
3. Rita Dove - "Thomas and Beulah"
4. Li-Young Lee - "Eating Together"
5. Rita Dove - "Thomas and Beulah"

Hint 71

History

Front 72

1989

Back 72

Lit
1. Maxine Hong Kingston - "Tripmaster Monkey"
2. William T. Vollmann, "Red Hands"

Hint 72

History
1. Soviet Union collapses; Cold War ends
2. oil tanker "Exxon Valdez" runs aground in Alaska

Front 73

1990

Back 73

LIt
1. Robert Pinsky - "The Want Bone"

Hint 73

History
1. Congress passes Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, protecting Native human remains and sacred objects

Front 74

1991

Back 74

Lit
1. Sandra Cisneros - "Woman Hollering Creek"
2. Gerald Vizenor - "Almost Browne"

Hint 74

History
1. United States enters Persian Gulf War
2. World Wide Web introduced

Front 75

1993

Back 75

Lit
1. Diane Glancy - "Polar Breath"
2. Gary Snyder - "Ripples on the Surface"

Hint 75

History

Front 76

1995

Back 76

Lit

Hint 76

History
1. Federal building in Oklahoma City bombed in a terrorist attack

Front 77

1996

Back 77

Lit
1. W.S. Merwin - "Lament for the Makers"

Front 78

1997

Back 78

Lit

Hint 78

History
1. "Pathfinder" robot explores Mars