Modeling Nature Desert

Front 1

What are the two conditions that you need for a Y-Gap?

Back 1

1. Individuals must be on the same side of their peaks

2.Individuals should be equally far from their peaks in terms of the Y-axis that measure the goodness from the perspective of desert.

Front 2

Bell Motion (Desert Model)

Back 2

It is worse for people who deserve little to have more than they deserve than it is for them to have less.

It is worse for those who deserve a lot to have less than they deserve than it is for them to have more than they deserve.

-Better to over-draught Saints than it is to short-change them, while sinners should rather be given less than they deserve more.

Front 3

Curved (Desert Model)

Back 3

the relationship between how far one is from the sweet spot and the associated loss of goodness is exponential.

Isokagans take the shape of concentric circles around the sweet spot.

To find efficient allocation-->select the allocation on the Frontier that is on the best IsoKagan

Front 4

Pareto Efficiency

Back 4

if no Pareto improvements are possible

if it is possible to improve anyone's distributive position without making anyone else's position worse.

Efficiency is appealing because it maximizes social welfare -->it does not waste any of society's limited resources but ensures that they are used to benefit people as much as possible.

Front 5

ISOkagans

Back 5

their particular shape is determined by the shape of the desert-curves of the individuals, as they report how bad particular derivations from the peak are from the perspective of desert --> connects equally bad derivations of the sweet spot.

Front 6

Tariff

Back 6

Crimes need to be categorized according to their relative unpleasantness

Front 7

Just deserts model

Back 7

A retributive theory of criminal punishment that proposes reduced judicial discretion in sentencing and specific sentences for criminal acts without regard to the individual defendant.

for it to be feasible and effective, a scale or 'tariff' of crime and punishments is required.

Front 8

What does Immanuel Kant argue? Regarding Desert Models

Back 8

He argues that humans are free and rational agents-->everyone must recognize the consequences of his or her actions and accept the deserts of his or her deeds --> failure to punish the guilty, he argued, constitutes a violation of justice

Front 9

Desert

Back 9

Desert is a particular ideal of distributive justice

--> people who do good things should prosper, people who do bad things should suffer.

Front 10

What is a desert model?

Back 10

In the desert model, the primacy is absolute: desert is the ONLY thing one considers in sentencing individuals.

Modified Desert Model: the primacy is relative, desert takes precedence, but other considerations (crime control considerations) can play a secondary role.

Front 11

What is Absolute Desert?

Back 11

Requires a particular allocation of benefits rather than merely that a particular proportion be observed in the distribution i.e. individuals deserve specific, cardinal amounts of benefits, by virtue of how they behaved.

A deserves X in virtue of Y only if A is responsible for Y.

Front 12

What is Comparative Desert?

Back 12

Some believe that Desert requires that the benefits individuals have allocated to them obey a particular proportional harmony. The proportion is determined by desert i.e. how virtuous individuals have been.