Mod 9

Front 1

1. What does plasmodium cause?
2. What is it carried by?
3. What are the stages in humans most associated with disease?
4. Stage that infects humans?

Back 1

1. Malaria
2. Female anopheles mosquito
3. Trophozoites and merozoites in RBCs
4. Sporozoite in saliva

Front 2

1. What does babesia cause?
2. What is it carried by?
3. What are the stages in humans most associated with disease?
4. Stage that infects humans?

Back 2

1. Babesiosus
2. Tick
3. Trophozoites and merozoites in RBCs
4. Sporozoite in saliva

Front 3

1. What is the only protozoa that made the list of top killers?

**Mainly tropical disease

Back 3

1. Malaria, occurs mostly in Africa

Front 4

1. What are the 4 plasmodium species?

Back 4

1. P falciparum- is common and causes life-threatening illness
P. vivax- is common
P. Ovale
P. Malariae

Front 5

Malaria in US from mosquitoes that travel on planes, congenital (mother to infant) malaria, and blood transfusion

Back 5

...

Front 6

1. What are the 3 life cycles of plasmodium?

Back 6

1. Sporogonic cycle- involves the mosquito
2. Exo-erythrocytic cycle- involves the Schizont (latent sometimes) in the liver
3. Erythrocytic cycle- Schizont ruptures leading to release of merozoites into the blood

Front 7

1. How do ppl get infected by plasmodium?
2. What is the primary host for it?
3. Secondary host?
4. Which plasmodium can form latent schizonts (hypnozoite)?

Back 7

1. spread by anopheles mosquito that releases sporozoites into the human
2. mosquito
3. Humans b/c they reproduce asexually in us
4. Ovale and vivax

Front 8

1. What do merozoites become in the RBCs?
2. What does 1 mature into?
3. What is erythrocytic schizongeny?

Back 8

1. Trophozoites
2. Schizont (that ruptures and release merozoites)
3. Process of assexually producing more plasmodium in erythrocytes

Front 9

Malaria:
- begins in 7-30 days after infective bite
- can still get malaria even with prophylactic treatment if you have ovale or vivax
-Lasts 6-10 hrs. Has a cold stage, a host stage then a sweating stage

Back 9

- Attacks occur every 2nd day except with malariae which is every 3rd day

Front 10

Most malaria is not textbook and presents with fever, chills, sweats, headaches, nausea, vomiting, body aches and malaise. Splenomegaly in most patients, hepatomegaly in a 1/3, anemia is prominent

Back 10

P. knowlesi from monkeys has caused death in several ppl

Front 11

1. Why is P. falciparum really bad?
2. Which RBC does P malariae infect?
3. Vivax and ovale?

Back 11

1. Infects RBCs of all ages, so can kill healthy ppl
2. Senescent RBCs
3. Reticulocytes

Front 12

Severe malaria
- severe anemia due to lysis of RBCs
-Hemoglobinuria
-ARDS, cardiovascular collapse

Back 12

-seizures impaired consciousness
-medical emergency

Front 13

1. What is a key genetic defense against malaria?

Back 13

1. Sicle cell trait- heterozygotes have too little ATPase activity in their RBCs to support the growth of the parasite. Homozygotes are protected too, but Sickle cell disease is bad

Front 14

Other defenses against it:
Lack the Duffy blood group antigen (receptor for P. vivax), common in black west africans. Can't catch it

Back 14

G6PD deficiency protects against severe effects of falciparum malaria

Front 15

1. Where is babesiosis common?
2. What is it transmitted by?
3. Dx?
4. Rx?
5. Prevent?

Back 15

1. Northeast and upper midwest US
2. Lxodes scapularis tick
3. blood smears stained with giemsa
4. Atovaquone plus azithromycin.. blood transfusion if desperate
5. avoid ticks

Front 16

Babesiosis clinical features:
fever, chills, sweating, myalgias, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, hemolytic anemia

Back 16

If immunosuppressed or splenectomized, babesiosis and malaria are very very bad in any form

Front 17

1. What is the primary host for babesiosis
2. What are humans in it?

Back 17

1. Ticks
2. Humans are dead end hosts