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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EFE
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endocardial fibroelastosis:
-hypertrophy of the wall of the LV and conversion of the endocardium into a thick fibroelastic coat, resiulting is a stiff heart(restrictive) |
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what are the signs and symptoms of endocardiaofibroelastosis?
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-loss of consciousness
-apnea -seizures -heart murmur-MV |
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what is the echo presentation of endocardiofibroelastosis?
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-primary congestive cardiomyopathy or restrictive form of cardiomyopathy
-layer of fibrosis surrounds the endocardium(bright walls) -may or may not occur w/ eoisniohlla -obliteration of the apex -sucesceptible to cardiac thrombi and peripheral embolization -numerous echogenic areas evident along the endocardium ad MV |
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HCM
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-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-hypertrophy of the myocardium w/out dialation of the ventricular cavity -certain areas are more hypertrophied than others depending on the type |
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what are the signs and symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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-asymptomatic(without obstruction)
-dyspnea upon exertion -chest pain -palpitations and fatigue -pulmonary hypertension |
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Name some facts and the echo presentation of HCM?
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-most common site of hypertrophy is the septum
-20-25% have LVOTO -severe HCM seen in infancy leads quickly to CHF and carries a poor progosis |
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how is HCM treated?
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beta blockers
surgery to remove some of the muscle |
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GSD
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glycogen storage disease:
-inheritable disorder resulting from specific enzymatic defects -aka pompe's disease -classic form of infantile GSD and is autosomal recessive -progressive deposition of glycogen in all tissues, esp. the myocardium |
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What is the echo presentation of GSD?
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Glycogen storage disesase:
-severe thickening of the IVC, free wall, and post LV wall -tumor like appearance of the pap muscles -small LV cavity -poor global LV systolic function |
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what are some systemic diseases w/ cardiovscular manifestations?
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-hypertension
-diabetes mellitus -pregnancy -chronic renal insufficiency |
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What is the echo presentation in a patient w/ hypertension?
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-LVH
-diastolic dysfunction -later systolic dysfunction -MAC -Mild AO thickening -Dialation of the Asc. AO-AI |
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What is the echo presentation of Diabetes mellitus?
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-diastolic dysfunction
-premature coronary artery disease -lipid disorders=hypertension |
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What will change in the heart w/ pregnancy?
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-since in the 3rd trimester, there is an increase in the volume of blood by 50%, there will be a mild increased in chamber dimensions due to an increase in SV
-Altered MV coaptation, TR -Small pericardial effusions -Pseudo wall motino abnormalities due to the enlarged UT pressing on the heart -benign arrythmias |
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Explain chronic renal insufficiency, and what it will present as on echo?
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-elderly patients
-hypertension or diabetes=coronary artery disease -calcification of mitral annulus -LVH -small pericardial effusion - |
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Name 3 connective tissue diseases?
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-systemic lupus erythematosus
-scleroderma -marfans |
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Explan the echo presentation w/ Sytemic lupus Erythmatosus(SLE)?
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-non infectous endocarditus(libman-sacks vegetation)-more common on MV, not mobile
-inflammatory component results in leaflet deformity and regurge -coronary vasculitis=global dysfunction which can mimic cardiomyopathy -acute pericarditis(PE) |
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Marfan's syndrome
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-heritable disorder of connective tissue
-cystic medial necrosis=degeneration of the mdial layer of the AO -Aortic dimention of >55mm-indication for surgery -MVP -Risk of AO dissection |
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What will be seen on echo w/ chronic liver disease/ cirrhosis?
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-poor cardiac output
-RV dysfunction |
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what are the causes of cirrhosis?
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-drugs
-viruses -unknown -alcohol abuse -heredity |
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sarcoidosis
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-inflammatory multisystem disease of uncertain etiology(lungs and lymphatic system)
-40% have cardiac involvement -global LV dysfunction-MR -granulomas seen in pericardium, conducting system or myocardium |
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hemochromatosis
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-infiltrative pattern similar to amyloidosis
-dialated cardiomyopathy |
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Explain how muscular dystrophy relates to echo?
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-hypertrophic or dialated cardiomyopathy
-may be greater regional variation in LV dysfunction |
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Freidreich ataxia-what is is?
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-slowly pregressive disorder of the nervous sytem and muscles
-inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement -premature death of nerve cells -presents usually btw 5-20 |
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what is the echo presentation w/ fredrich ataxia?
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-dialated cardiomyopathy
-posterior wall abnormalities -arrythmias |
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hyperosinophilic
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-due to eosinophilic leukenia
-obliteration of the lt or rt ventricular apex by laminar thrombus -see thrombus in the apex when the walls are moving good. |
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what is the most common cause of AO dissection?
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hypertension
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what does effacement of the sinus of valsava mean?
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the walls around it are enlarging to meet its size, so the sinus isn't distinct anymore.
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sickel vell anemia
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-high output state=ventricular dialation=dialated cardiomyopathy
-microinfarction and ventricular dysfunction -may also develop arterial hypertension |
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what can occur in the heart w/ HIV?
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-endocardidits
-pericardidits -pulmonary hypertension -dialated cardiomyopathy - |
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what can diet drugs in the heart cause?
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-valvular heart disease
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Explain some neurogenic events and cardiac sources of embolus?
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-LA appendage thrombus
-AO atheroma -PFO |
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What will happen in the heart w/ hyperthyroidism?
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-there is an increse in total blood
-increase in LV contractility -decrease in systemic vascular resistance -high output state -increased SV -sinus tachycardia and a-fib |
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What can occur in the heart w/ hashimotos disease?
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-MVP
-MR |
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What can advanced age do to the heart?
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-cause a sigmoid shape to the proximal ventricular septum
-don't mistake for LVOTO |
