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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body Mechanics
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coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
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Friction
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--Force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
--Greater the surface area of the object, the greater the friction |
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Types of bones
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Long
Short Flat Irregular |
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Long Bones
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femur
fibula tibia phalanges of fingers & toes |
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Short Bones
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carpal bones of the foot and the patella
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Flat bones
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some bones in the skull and the ribs in the thorax
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Irregular bones
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the vertebral column and some bones of the skull (mandible)
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Functions of the Skeletal System
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--Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments
--Provides leverage for movement --Protects vital organs --Aids in calcium regulation --RBC production from bone marrow |
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Classifications of Joints
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--Synostotic – bones joined to bones
--Cartilaginous – cartilage joins bones --Fibrous – ligament unites two boney surfaces --Synovial – freely movable joint |
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Synostotic joints
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--bones joined to bones
--the skull --no movement --provides strength & stability |
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Cartilaginous Joints
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--cartilage joins bones
--tibia & fibula (paired) |
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Fibrous joints
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(syndesmosis joint) - the fibers of ligaments are flexible & stretch
--the first sternocostal joint |
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Synovial joint
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--freely movable joint
--true joints --continuous bony surfaces are covered by articular cartilage & connected by ligaments and lined w/ a synovial membrane |
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Types of synovial joints
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--ball & socket joints - hip joint
--hinge joints - interphalangeal joints of the fingers --pivotal joint - humeral radius & ulna |
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Ligaments
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--Elastic
--Binds joints together --Connect bones and cartilage |
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Tendons
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--inelastic
--Connects muscle to bone |
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Cartilage
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--nonvascular
--Supportive connective tissue --located chiefly in the joints & thorax (trachea, larynx, nose & ear) |
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What does the vernous system do?
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Regulates movement and posture
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Cerebral cortex :
Purpose |
voluntary motor control
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Voluntary motor control through the cerebral cortex
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--Impulses descend from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
--Impulses travel through efferent motor nerves --Neurotransmitters – transfer impulses from the nerve to the muscle --Stimulate muscle to move |
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Pathological Influences on Mobility
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--Postural Abnormalities
--Impaired Muscle Development --Damage to the Central Nervous System --Direct Trauma to the Musculoskeletal System |
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Disorders that Affect Mobility
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--Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
--Hip fracture --Joint Replacement --Amputation |
