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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Basic Elements
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1) Alignment & Posture
2) Joint Mobility 3) Balance 4) Coordinated Movement |
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Alignment & Posture
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The usual line of gravity starts at the top of the head and bisects the shoulders, trunk, wt-bearing joints, and base of support; runs slightly anterior to sacrum.
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Isotonic Muscle
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Involves muscle shortening & active movement.
ex. walking, running, performing ADLs |
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Isometric Muscles
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Involves muscle shortening without shortening.
ex. isometric quadricep training |
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Isokinetic Muscles
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Involves muscle shortening with resistance.
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Effects of Immobility on
Metabolic Rate |
Basal Metabolic Rate ⇩ during immobility.
- production of thyroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, aldosterone, insulin - Weight loss due to muscle loss & diuresis |
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Effects of Immobility on
Cardiovascular |
Cardiac workload ⇧ in immobilized patient because the heart works harder when the body is supine then when it is erect.
- w/ less gravitational pull, ⇧ in venous blood return means heart works harder to circulate ⇧ BV. |
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Effects of Immobility on Respiratory System
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Lung expansion ⇩ due to greater than normal resistance to breathing, resulting in underinflation of the lungs & increased work of breathing.
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Effects of Immobility on
Urinary System |
Chronic delay to void = overstretching of detrusor muscle causing long-term damage to muscle tone
Urinary Stasis leads to UTI & renal calculi Bladder Distention leads to urinary overflow which then leads to skin breakdown |
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Effects of Immobility on
Gastrointestinal System |
Abdominal & perineal muscles weakened by muscle atrophy, making it difficult to bear down & exert P to evacuate stool => constipation
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Effects of Immobility on
Integumentary System |
Pressure ulcers
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Physical Assessment
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* Alignment
* Balance * Coordination * Gait * Joint Structure & Function * Muscle Mass, Tone, Strength * Postural Blood Pressure * Risk for Falls * Activity Tolerance |
