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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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set moral standards of what is "good" or "right" in one's behavior
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ethics
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has up-to-date skills that allow for job and career mobility
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portfolio worker
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a collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose
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organization
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transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs
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open system
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the quantity and quality of work performance, with resource utilization considered
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productivity
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an output measure of task or goal accomplishment
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performance effectiveness
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an input measure of resource cost associated with goal accomplishment
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performance efficiency
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an input measure of resource cost associated with goal accomplishment
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manager
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guide the performance of the organization as a whole or of one of its major parts
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top managers
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oversee the work of large departments or divisions
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middle managers
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report to middle managers and supervise non-managerial workers
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team leaders
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directly contribute to producing the organization’s goods or services
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line managers
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use special technical expertise to advise and support line workers
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staff managers
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responsible for one area such as finance, marketing, production, personnel, accounting, or sales
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functional managers
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responsible for complex, multifunctional units
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general managers
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a manager in a public or nonprofit organization
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administrator
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the requirement to show performance results to a supervisor
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accountability
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helps others achieve high performance and satisfaction at work
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effective manager
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the overall quality of human experiences in the workplace
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quality of work life
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operating workers are at the top serving customers while managers are at the bottom supporting them
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upside-down pyramid
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the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals
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management
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the process of setting objectives and determining what should be done to accomplish them
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planning
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the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating work activities
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organizing
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the process of arousing enthusiasm and inspiring efforts to achieve goals
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leading
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the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results
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controlling
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a change in behavior that results from experience
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learning
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continuous learning from daily experiences
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lifelong learning
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the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance
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skill
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the ability to use expertise to perform a task with proficiency
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technical skill
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the ability to work well in cooperation with other people
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human skill (interpersonal skill)
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the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively
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emotional intelligence
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the ability to think analytically to diagnose and solve complex problems
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conceptual skill
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a skill-based capability for high performance in a management job
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managerial competency
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compromised of economic, legal-political, technological, sociocultural, and natural environment conditions
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general environment
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the deliberate blockage and denial of public access to information posted on the internet
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internet censorship
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both meets the needs of customers and protects the well-being of our natural environment
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sustainable business
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creates new products and production methods that have reduced environmental impact
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sustainable innovation
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includes the people and groups with whom an organization interacts
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specific environment
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the persons, groups, and institutions directly affected by an organization
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stakeholders
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creating value for and satisfying needs of stakeholders
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value creation
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allows an organization to deal with market and environmental forces better than its competitors
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competitive advantage
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results in an organization doting different things or the same things in different ways from one's major competitors
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strategic poisoning
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a lack of complete information about the environment
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environmental uncertainty
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strategically tries to build lasting relationships with and to add value to customers
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customer relationship management
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strategically links all operations dealing with resource supplies
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supply chain management
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sustainable high performance in using resources to accomplish mission
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organizational effectiveness
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the system of shared beliefs and values that guides behavior in organizations
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organizational culture
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the process through which new members learn the culture of an organization
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socialization
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beliefs and values shared by organization members
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core values
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actively develops, communicates, and enacts shared values
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value-based management
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creates meaning and shared community among organizational members
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workplace spirituality
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uses symbols to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture
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symbolic leader
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involves pluralism and respect for diversity
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multiculturalism
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based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity
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multicultural organization
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exist among people with similar values and beliefs based on shared work responsibilities and personal characteristics
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organizational subcultures
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the belief that one's membership group or subculture is superior to all others
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ethnocentrism
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hidden barrier to the advancement of women and minorities
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glass ceiling
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when minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed
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biculturalism
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building an inclusive work environment that allows everyone to reach their full potential
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managing diversity
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is "right" or "good" in the context of a governing moral code
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ethical behavior
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broad beliefs about what is appropriate behavior
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values
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preferences about desired end states
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terminal values
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preferences regarding the means to desired ends
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instrumental values
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ethical behavior delivers the greatest good to the most people
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utilitarian view
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ethical behavior advances long-term self-interests
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individualism view
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ethical behavior respects and protects fundamental rights
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moral rights view
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ethical behavior treats people impartially and fairly
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justice view
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concerned that policies and rules are fairly applied
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procedural justice
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concerned that people are treated the same regardless of personal characteristics
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distributive justice
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the degree to which others are treated with dignity and respect
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interactional justice
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suggests there is no one right way to behave; ethical behavior is determined by its cultural context
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universalism
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an attempt to impose one's ethical standards on other cultures
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ethical imperialism
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a situation that offers potential benefit or gain and is also unethical
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ethical dilemma
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indicates the degree to which an issue or situation is recognized to pose important ethical challenges
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ethical intensity or issue intensity
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a personal rule or strategy for making ethical decisions
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ethical framework
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exposes the misdeeds of others in organizations
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whistleblower
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seeks to help people understand the ethical aspects of decision making and to incorporate high ethical standards into their daily behavior
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ethics training
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a formal statement of values and ethical standards
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code of ethics
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chooses to behave unethically
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immoral manager
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fails to consider the ethics of his or her behavior
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amoral manager
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makes ethical behavior a personal goal
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moral manager
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enriched awareness that leads to consistent ethical behavior
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ethics mindfulness
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has a mission to solve pressing social problems
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social entrepreneurship
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the obligation of an organization to serve its own interests and those of society
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corporate social responsibility
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are directly affected by behavior of the organization and hold a stake in its performance
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organizational stakeholders
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business should focus on profits
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classical view of CSR (corporate social responsibility)
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business should focus on broader social welfare as well as profits
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socioeconomic view of CSR
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occurs when CSR improves financial performance which leads to more CSR
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virtuous circle
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assesses an organization's accomplishments in areas of social responsibility
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social responsibility audit
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avoids social responsibility and reflects mainly economic priorities
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obstructionist strategy
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seeks protection by doing the minimum legally required
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defensive strategy
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accepts social responsibility and tries to satisfy economic, legal, and ethical criteria
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accommodative strategy
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meets all the criteria of social responsibility, including discretionary performance
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proactive strategy
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the oversight of top management by a board of directors
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corporate governance
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resources, markets, and competition are worldwide in scope
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global economy
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the process of growing interdependence among elements of the global economy
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globalization
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involves managing operations in more than one country
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global management
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culturally aware and informed on international affairs
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global manager
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conducts commercial transactions across national boundaries
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global business
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materials or services are purchased around the world for local use
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global sourcing
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local products are sold abroad to foreign customers
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exporting
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involves the selling in domestics markets of products acquired abroad
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importing
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a local firm pays a fee to a foreign firm for rights to make or sell its products
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licensing agreement
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a fee is paid to a foreign business for rights to locally operate using its name, branding, and methods
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franchising
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building, buying all, or buying part of a business in another country
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foreign direct investment
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builds an entirely new operation in a foreign country
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greenfield investment
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the potential loss in value of a foreign investment due to instability and political changes in the host country
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political risk
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tries to forecast disruptions that can threaten the value of a foreign investment
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political risk analysis
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member nations agree to negotiate and resolve disputes about tariffs and trade restrictions
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World Trade Organization
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gives a trading partner most favorable treatment for imports and exports
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most favored nation status
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taxes governments levy on imports from abroad
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tariffs
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a call for tariffs and favorable treatments to protect domestic firms from foreign competition
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protectionism
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the North American Free Trade Agreement linking Canada, the U.S., and Mexico in an economic alliance
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NAFTA
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a political and economic alliance of European countries
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European Union
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now the common European currency
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Euro
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a multinational business with extensive operations in more than one foreign country
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global corporation, or MNC
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an MNC that operates worldwide on a borderless basis
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transnational corporation
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involves illegal practices to further one's business interests
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corruption
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the full-time employment of children for work otherwise done by adults
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child labor
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employ workers at very low wages for long hours and in poor working conditions
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sweatshops
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meets the needs of the president without hurting future generations
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sustainable development
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a shared set of beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people
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culture
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is the confusion and discomfort a person experiences when in an unfamiliar culture
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culture shock
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the tendency to consider one's culture superior to others
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ethnocentrism
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the ability to accept and adapt to new cultures
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cultural intelligence
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emphasize communication via spoken or written words
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low-context cultures
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rely on nonverbal and situational cues as well as spoken or written words in communication
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high-context cultures
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people tend to do one thing at a time
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monochronic cultures
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time is used to accomplish many different things at once
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polychronic cultures
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how people use space to communicate
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proxemics
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assumes that a generalized cultural value applies equally well to all members of the culture
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ecological fallacy
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the degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power
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power distance
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the degree to which a society emphasizes individuals and their self-interests
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individualism-collectivism
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the degree to which a society tolerates risk and uncertainty
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uncertainty avoidance
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the degree to which a society values effectiveness and materialism
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masculinity-femininity
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the degree to which a society emphasizes short-term or long-term goals
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time orientation
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studies how management practices differ among countries and cultures
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comparative management
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believe the best approaches are found at home and tightly control foreign operations
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ethnocentric attitudes
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respect local knowledge and allow foreign operations to run with substantial freedom
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polycentric attitudes
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high in cultural intelligence and take collaborative approach to global management practices
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geocentric attitudes
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ability to share ideas and findings clearly in written and oral expression-including writing, oral presentation, giving/receiving feedback, technology utilization
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communication
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ability to work effectively as a team member and team leader-includes team contribution, team leadership, conflict management, negotiation, consensus building
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teamwork
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ability to evaluate oneself, modify behavior, and meet performance obligations-includes ethical reasoning and behavior, personal flexibility, tolerance for ambiguity, performance responsibility
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self-management
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ability to influence and support others to perform complex, and ambiguous tasks-includes diversity awareness, global understanding, project management, strategic action
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leadership
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ability to gather and analyze information for creative problem solving-includes problem solving, judgment and decision making, information gathering and interpretation, creativity/innovation
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critical thinking
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ability to sustain a positive impression, instill confidence, and maintain career advancement-includes personal presence, personal initiative, career management
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professionalism
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laws and regulations
business forms political trends |
legal-political environment
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economic growth
unemployment rate disposable income |
economic environment
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population demographics
education system health/nutrition values |
sociocultural environment
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IT systems/infrastructure
broadband internet access |
technological environment
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"green" values
recycling infrastructure |
natural environment
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the people singled out for special attention and whose accomplishments are recognized with praise and admiration; they include founders and role models
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heroes
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ceremonies and meetings, planned and spontaneous, that celebrate important occasions and performance accomplishments
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ceremonies, rites, and rituals
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oral histories and tales, told and retold among members, about dramatic sagas and incidents in the life of the organization
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legends and stories
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the special use of language and other nonverbal expressions that communicate important themes and values of the organization
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metaphors and symbols
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denying promotion or appointment to a job candidate because of the candidate's race, religion, gender, age, or other non-job-relevant criteria
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discrimination
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taking a bribe or kickback or extraordinary gift in return for making decisions favorable to the gift giver
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conflicts of interest
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giving to another party privileged information regarding the activities of a customer
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customer confidence
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using official stationery or a company e-mail account to communicate personal opinions or make requests from community organizations
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organizational resources
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