Mnemonics (For Usmle)

Front 1

4 Salmonella transmission methods

Back 1

4 F's Food Fingers Feces Flies

Front 2

Klebsiella associations

Back 2

4 A's Aspiration pneumonia Abscess in lungs Alcoholics di-A-betics

Front 3

Enterobacteriaceae associations

Back 3

COFFE Capsular O antigen Flagellar antigen Ferment glucose Enterobacteriaceae

Front 4

Salmonella characteristic

Back 4

Salmon swim Salmonella are motile and disseminate often to gallbladder

Front 5

Haemophilus influenzae associations

Back 5

HaEMOPhilus Epiglottitis Menigitis Otitis Media Pneumodia

Front 6

Haemophilus influenzae growth requirements

Back 6

When a child has the "flu" mom goes to five and dime store to buy some chocolate Haemophilus influenzae grows on chocolate agar with factor V (NAD) and X (hematin)

Front 7

Neisseria species ferment?

Back 7

Neisseria: MeninGococci = Maltose and Glucose Goncocci = Glucose

Front 8

Legionella pneumophilia growth requirements

Back 8

BYCE + iron + cysteine Legionnaire at campfire (charcoal) + iron dagger, not a "sissy" (cysteine)

Front 9

Pseudomonas aeruginosa associations

Back 9

PSEUDOmonas AERuginosa Pneumonia Sepsis External Otitis UTI Drug use and Diabetic Osteomylitis AERobic

Front 10

Adrenal cortex and medulla products

Back 10

GFR Glomerulosa - Salt (aldosterone) Fasciculata - Sugar (glucacorticoids) Reticularis - Sex (androgens)

Front 11

Sensitivity

Back 11

SNOUT SeNsitivity rules OUT

Front 12

Specificity

Back 12

SPIN SPecificity rules IN

Front 13

Incidence

Back 13

Incidence is new incidents

Front 14

t-test measures?

Back 14

Mr. T is mean

Front 15

ANOVA measures?

Back 15

ANOVA = ANalysis Of Variance of 3 or more variables

Front 16

Disease prevention

Back 16

PDR Prevent Detect Reduce diability

Front 17

Reportable diseases

Back 17

Hep Hep Hep Hooray, the SSSMMART Chick is Gone! Hep A Hep B Hep C HIV Salmonella Shigella Syphilis Measle Mumps AIDS Rubella Tuberculosis Chickenpox Gonorrhea

Front 18

Medicare and medicaid are for?

Back 18

MedicarE is for Elderly MedicaiD is for Destitute

Front 19

Chi-squared measures

Back 19

chi symbol looks like a percentage sign compares percentages or proportions of categorical outcomes (not mean values)

Front 20

Chromatin structure

Back 20

"Beads on a string" 2x HA, H2B, H3, and H4, H1 is the linker and is not in the nucleosome core

Front 21

Heterochromatin structure

Back 21

HeteroChromatin Highly Condensed

Front 22

Euchromatin structure

Back 22

Euchromatin Eu=true, "truly transcribed"

Front 23

Purine nucleotides

Back 23

PURe As Gold: PURines (A,G)

Front 24

Pyrimidine nucleotides

Back 24

CUT the PYL PYrimidines (CT)

Front 25

Thymine structure

Back 25

THYmine has meHYl

Front 26

Transition mutation

Back 26

TransItion = Identical type Substituting purine for purine or pyrimidine for pyrimidine

Front 27

Transversion mutation

Back 27

TransVersion = conVersion between types Substituting purine for pyrimidine or vice versa

Front 28

Nonsense mutation

Back 28

Stop the nonsense! Stop codon

Front 29

Types of RNA

Back 29

Rampant, Massive, Tiny rRNA mRNA tRNA (also in order of use)

Front 30

Start codons

Back 30

AUG inAUGurates protein synthesis

Front 31

Stop codons

Back 31

UGA = U Go Away UAA = U Are Away UAG = U Are Gone

Front 32

RNA polymerases

Back 32

Numbered as their products are used in protein synthesis I - makes rRNA II - makes mRNA III - makes tRNA (5s is rRNA)

Front 33

Introns

Back 33

INtrons stay IN the nucleus

Front 34

Exons

Back 34

EXons EXit and are EXpressed

Front 35

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

Back 35

Primary cancers that metastasize to the liver: Colon > Stomach > Pancreas > Breast > Lung (****Metastatic dz of the liver is much more common than primary liver tumors)