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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is CRH release regulated?
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1. Feedback inhibition
2. Diurnal variations 3. Stress signals |
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What are the effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolism?
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Increased formation and storage
(increased gluconeogenesis, increased glycogen formation) |
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What are catabolic effects of glucocorticoids?
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Decreased muscle mass, weakness
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What are the effects of glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism?
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1. Increased lipolysis
2. Redistribution of fat 3. Cushing's syndrome |
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What are the effects of glucocorticoids on the CNS?
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Affects behavior, mood balance, and brain excitability
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What are the effects of glucocorticoids on blood cells?
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Decreased amounts of lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils.
(Decreased amounts of T CELLS) |
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How do glucocorticoids suppress the inflammatory response?
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1. Decrease synthesis/release of pro-inflammatory factors
2. Decrease capillary permeability (by reducing amount of histamine release) |
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Where are glucocorticoids/corticosteroids metabolized?
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Liver
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What sort of "withdrawal syndrome" symptoms may be experienced when taken off glucocorticoids?
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1. Fever
2. Myalgia 3. Arthralgia 4. Malaise |
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Rapid withdrawal from glucocorticosteroids can result in what serious condition?
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Acute adrenal insufficiency
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Why may patients experience myopathies while taking glucocorticosteroids?
What patients are most susceptible? |
Due to catabolic effects on muscle tissue
Elderly and malnourished patients |
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How can glucocorticosteroids lead to osteoporosis?
Which bones are most affected? |
1. Inhibit osteoblasts
2. Stimulate osteoclasts *ribs and vertebrae are most significantly affected. |
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How is dosing of glucocorticosteroids determined?
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Trial and error
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T or F
Local administration of corticosteroids is virtually without HPA suppression. |
TRUE
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How is acute adrenal insufficiency treated?
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1. Corticosteroids (hydrocortisone PO) are given along with glucose, water, and electrolytes
2. Mineralcorticoid may also be added for salt retention |
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How is Addison's disease treated?
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Corticosteroid (Hydrocortisone, PO) and a mineralcorticoid
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List 3 orally active corticosteroids.
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1. Prednisone
2. Methylprednisolone 3. Triamcinolone |
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How are locally local-acting corticosteroids administered?
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1. Dermal
2. Nasal 3. Inhaled |
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What is the most potent topical corticosteroid, for short term therapy only?
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Clobetasol
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Which corticosteroid is for optical use only?
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Fluorometholone
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Which corticosteroid has a "very high" potency (~5000 x hydrocortisone)?
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Beclomethasone
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Which 2 local-acting corticosteroids have a "medium" potency?
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1. Fluocinolide
2. Desoximetasone |
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Which local-acting corticosteroid has a "low" potency?
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Desonide
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List 2 glucocorticoid inhibitors.
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1. Aminoglutethimide
2. Ketoconazole |
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What is the mode of action of Aminoglutethimide?
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1. Aromatase inhibitor
2. Blocks conversion of cholesterol --> pregnenolone (P450-SCC) *Causes reduction in synthesis of all hormonally active steroids |
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What is the mode of action of Ketoconazole?
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Inhibits steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting P450 enzymes
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What is the advantage of Ketoconazole over Aminoglutethimide?
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Better adverse reaction profile
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