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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the diagnostic criteria for DM based on fasting plasma glucose, casual glucose, and 2 hr plasma glucose after 75 gram glucose load?
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FPG >120 mg/dL
Casual plasma glucose >200 mg/dL 2hr plasma glucose >200 mg/dL after 75 gm glucose load |
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What are the impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance ranges for pre-diabetes?
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Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) : >70 and <126 mg/dL
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) 2hr PG: >140 and <200 |
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List 3 markers of immune destruction seen that may be detected in T1DM.
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1. ICA- islet cell autoantibodies
2. IAA- autoantibodies to insulin 3. GAD 65- autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase |
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T1DM has a strong genetic association with which HLA genes?
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DQA and DQB
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How does the rate of B cell destruction differ between children and adults with T1DM?
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Rapid in infants and kids
Slower in adults |
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What's the difference between Type 1A DM and Type 1B?
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Type 1A: immune-mediated destruction of beta cells, ICA (+)
Type 1B: beta cells are destroyed by another mechanism, ICA (-) |
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What group of individuals are more prone to T1DM?
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Caucasians
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List 5 autoimmune diseases that are associated with T1DM.
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1. Graves hyperthyroidism
2. Hashimotos hypothyroidism 3. Addison's disease 4. Vitiligo 5. Pernicious anemia |
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At what age should asymptomatic, undiagnosed individuals be tested for DM?
When should you test someone who is younger? |
Over 45 yo (repeat test every 3 years)
Test someone who is younger if their BMI >25 |
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At which HDL and Triglyceride levels should you test someone for DM?
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HDL <35
Trig >250 |
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How many months of glycemic control does an A1C test reflect?
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2-3 months
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What A1C value reflects adequate glycemic control? (ADA standard of care)
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= or <7%
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What pre-prandial blood glucose level reflects adequate glycemic control? (ADA standard of care)
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Pre-prandial BG 70-130
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What post-prandial blood glucose level reflects adequate glycemic control?
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Post-prandial BG <180
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How often should you perform an A1C test for a DM patient?
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2 x per year if at goal
4 x per year if therapy is changed or not at goal |
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How often should you measure BP for a DM patient? What is the goal?
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Measure at every visit
Goal: <130/80 |
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How often should you perform a lipid profile on a DM patient? What are the goal values?
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Annually
LDL <100, Trig <150, HDL >40 |
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When should diabetes patients be treated for cardiovascular prevention?
At what age should they not be treated? |
Treat if:
>40 yo and have one or more CV risk factors Consider between 30-40 if CV risk factors are present Don't treat if < 21 yo |
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How often should you test for microalbuminuria?
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Annually
(spot albumin to creatinine ratio) |
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How often should you test for diabetic retinopathy?
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T1DM: within 3-5 years of diagnosis and then annually
T2DM: shortly after diagnosis and then annually |
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How often should a comprehensive foot examination be performed for a DM patient?
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annually
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What should you check at every visit with a DM patient?
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1. Blood pressure
2. Weight |
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List 4 exams that you should perform annually on a diabetes patient.
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1. Dilated eye exam
2. Foot exam 3. Lipid profile 4. Microalbuminuria |
