Mmw 11 Passage/picture Id Flashcards:

Front 1

Indus Valley Civilizations 3300-1300 BCE

Back 1

Harappan 8000 BCE-1900BCE:
-difficulty learning about them because artifacts are below the water table.
-system of writing that's difficult to decipher

Front 2

Aryans after 1500 B.C.E

Back 2

-indo-european people that migrated and mixed with native dravidian people of the indus valley.
-not necessarily a military conquest. more likely just small scale migrations.
-clashed with dravidians.
-preserved the Vedas by transmitting them orally through generations
-originally pastoral nomadic people
-well defined hierarchy (born into it). became basis for caste system.
-worshipped indra

Front 3

Indo-European 1500 BCE

Back 3

-migrated to the indus river valley
-moved in small migrations
-not necessarily a military occupation
-clashed with native people
-migrated from the steppes of eastern europe

Front 4

Varna

Back 4

-four varnas.
(four caste system ranks)
-sanskrit word for color that refers to the social classes
-brahmins, kshatriya, vaishyas, shudras

Front 5

Mahavira 599 BCE–527 BCE

Back 5

founder of jainism.
jainism was inspired by the upanishads.
believed that everything in the universe had a soul.
practiced ahimsa- nonviolence towards other beings.
didn't recognize social classes.
lived ascetic life. starved himself to death.

Front 6

Karma

Back 6

specific incarnations that a soul experienced.
the soul moves upwards in castes if the person has lived a life that was good.
important because it was used by upperclass people to justify the social hierarchy and impose it.

Front 7

Rig Veda 1400-900 BCE

Back 7

tells us a lot about aryan culture.
veda=knowledge
rig=praise
collection of hymns.

Front 8

Ashoka 268-232 BCE

Back 8

started the mauryan dynasty.
was involved in a very bloody conflict with the people of Kalinga.
had a life turn around and converted to buddhism.
helped spread buddhism and encouraged its practice.
wrote his edicts on pillars and natural rocks.

Front 9

Atman

Back 9

the core of a person. essentially their soul or their essence. the atman of an individual is a part of the greater atman that is everything.

Front 10

Ahimsa

Back 10

a principle of indian religions. nonviolence towards living things. all living beings have divine energy, so to hurt another is to hurt oneself. lots of people are vegetarian in the indian religions because of this.

Front 11

Soma

Back 11

aryan people did drugs to alter perceptions and have godly experiences.
was a god that was also a hallucinogenic.
the god indra took soma before doing battle with the dragon in the clouds to get the water back.

Front 12

Four Noble Truths

Back 12

the truth of suffering.
the truth of the cessation of suffering.
the truth of the cause of suffering.
the truth of the path out of suffering. (follow eightfold path)

Front 13

Eight-Fold Path

Back 13

the way to end suffering.
right speech, right conduct, right means of livelihood, right mindfulness, right meditation, right belief, right aspiration.

Front 14

Mohenjo-Daro 26th century BCE

Back 14

indus valley civilization.
showed evidence of urban living and planning on a grand, standardized scale.
had plumbing systems.

Front 15

Qin Dynasty 221 BCE-206BCE

Back 15

Founded by Qin Shihuangdi

---First imperial dynasty of China

--- Qin united China after conquering six other states

--- Especially Legalistic: ruled the empire following the doctrines of Legalism

--- Mistrust of merchant and artist---farmers were virtue

---Move the capital to today’s Si Chuan

---universal use of a single script –many spoke language but only one written language—demilitarization of different state( don’t have military inside of empire)

---Standardized the scripts, laws, currencies, weights, and measures of various regions of China.

---Built the Great Wall: for keeping Xiong nu (the nomadic tribe) out of China

----The Burning the Books and Killing of people who advocate Confucianism

Front 16

Tao 951 BCE-960BCE

Back 16

--- Active at later Zhou period

---biggest antics of Confucianism: Opposite extreme

---understand the world and nature, let the river flow follow the harmony Immerse

yourself in the nature (1083 bottom of the page)

---“the way”---“the way of nature/cosmos”

---“non action”=”Wu Wei” (1068 63): the fewer the laws and rules, the better-- Dao does nothing and yet it accomplishes everything.

---Daodejing: Laozi: envisioned Dao as a supremely passive force and spoke of it mostly in negative terms

---Yin & Yang: constant movement---together they represent the weather, birth, anything---complementary

* Changing but predictable relationships of power
* Forget individual existence, responding but not storing
* Forget about the distinction and live boundlessly
* Live is Dao not in society

Front 17

Mandate of Heaven

Back 17

the right to rule.
zhou dynasty needed to justify the overthrow
ruler was the son of heaven
mandate of heaven only given to virtuous rulers.

Front 18

Han Fei c. 280–233 BC

Back 18

synthesized legalist ideas into essays.
most important legalist theorist.
wrote about the rectification of names.

Front 19

The Two Handles

Back 19

under legalism only king could dispense both reward and punishment.
similar to how a parent and child relationship was.
it worked because the roles in society were outlined so specifically.

Front 20

yin and yang

Back 20

yin is the shadow. yang is the brightness.
yang is masculine. yin is feminine.
used to describe the interconnected forces of the universe.

Front 21

zhou 1122-256 BCE

Back 21

dyansty that overthrew the shang dynasty.
decentralized administration.

Front 22

lord shang

Back 22

minister of one of the small states that challenged the zhou.
his state fully adopted legalist ideas.

Front 23

oracle bones late Shang dynasty from ca. 14th to 11th centuries BCE, to ca. 1200-1050 or more BCE

Back 23

used oracle bones to ask questions about the gods, etc.
this helped push writing because they'd record their observations on the oracle bones.
they'd write a question on them then the cracks that the heat caused would be interpreted as an answer.

Front 24

five classics

Back 24

the five classics became the basis of education for confucian scholars.
The book of history, the spring and autumn annals, the book of rites, the book of songs, the book of changes, and then there is a book of music, not really incorporated.

Front 25

confucius

Back 25

chinese educator and political advisor whose teachings were compiled by his disciples.
his writings were largely practical. (how to restore social and moral order)
wanted to form jungzi, or superior individuals.

Front 26

legalism

Back 26

doctrine of practical and efficient statecraft.
wasn't about ethics and morality/
not popular among the chinese, but practical.
discouraged arts, etc.
believed a states focus should be its military and its agricultural output.

Front 27

Five relationships

Back 27

• these are the hierarchies that should govern and produce harmony
• one needs to learn and behave in accordance with ones status
• have respect for those above one

Front 28

olmecs 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE

Back 28

meso-american society.
pyramids.
social hierarchy with kings and elites.
they had iconographic architecture.
olmec heads with basalt rocks that supposedly represent rulers.

Front 29

kush 1070 BC - AD 350

Back 29

egyptianized people who weren't egyptian.
used same alphabet
egyptians couldn't control the area.
thriving trade industry because of point on the nile.
nubians.

Front 30

hegemony 8th century BCE – 6th century CE

Back 30

control through coercion and consent.

Front 31

meroe

Back 31

was the capital of the kingdom of kush.

Front 32

male figure in yogic posture

Back 32

a

Front 33

portrait of a priest

Back 33

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Front 34

young dancer

Back 34

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Front 35

animal seals

Back 35

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Front 36

ashoka's edict

Back 36

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Front 37

mauryan pillar

Back 37

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Front 38

lion capital pillar

Back 38

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Front 39

standing sakyamuni

Back 39

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Front 40

buddha's footprints (buddhapada)

Back 40

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Front 41

two couples worshipping triratna throne with buddhapada (footprints of the buddha)

Back 41

relief carving.

Front 42

elephant shaped huo

Back 42

a

Front 43

bowl with human head and fish designs

Back 43

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Front 44

bronze and jade axe (Ko)

Back 44

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Front 45

oracle bone

Back 45

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Front 46

life-size soldiers

Back 46

a

Front 47

tomb of chi'in shih-huang-ti: infantryman's head

Back 47

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Front 48

tomb of chi'in shah-huang-ti: standing soldiers and horses

Back 48

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Front 49

ox scapulae used for oracle taking

Back 49

a