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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the modes of transmission of airborne pathogens?
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-aerosols (human coughs/sneezes, environmental water bubbles, shower heads, AC, grocery sprays, etc)
-infectious windblown dust (human dry secretions, environmental soil dust and guano from bats/birds) |
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What is the purpose of the upper respiratory system in terms of infection?
Components? |
+-filter contaminates!
-Nasal cavity -Pharynx (ciliated mucous membrane pushes contaminants into digestive tract) |
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What is the purpose of the lower respiratory system? What are its components?
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-larynx
-trachea, bronchi, bronchioles -alveoli -protective components |
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What is pneumonia?
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-inflammation of respiratory tract; caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses
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What are some airborne viral pathogens?
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-Rhinovirus and Coronavirus (cold)
-Influenza virus -Rubeola virus (measles and mumps) -Rubella virus (German Measles) -Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) -Hanta virus (Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) |
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What are the etiological agents for the common cold?
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-Rhinoviruses
+-ssRNA picoronavirus +115 different serotypes -Coronaviruses +-ssRNA virus +only 15% of colds +only 2 serotypes |
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What are some ways to treat the common cold?
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-new anti-rhinovirus drugs are potential therapeutics: WIN 52084 which binds virus and blocks ICAM-1 receptor binding
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What is SARS?
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-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
-RNA sequence only takes 10 days to figure out! |
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What are the signs and symptoms of SARS?
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-high fever, head and body aches, malaise, dry cough, pneumonia
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How is SARS transmitted?
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-respiratory droplets enter through mucus membranes via close person to person contact
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What is the etiological agent and how do you treat SARS?
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-SARS-associated coronovirus
-supportive care is only current treatment |
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What are the signs and symptoms of influenza?
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-sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, cough, myalgia
-symptoms are from immune response to virus |
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Describe the Etiological agent for Influenza
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-virus types A,B,C (only A can cause human pandemics)
-ssRNA orthomyxovirus -strains named by Type/Location/Month#/Year (HA and NA antigen types |
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How is influenza transmitted?
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-aerosol
-very infectious agent (only 3 particles needed!) -invades ciliated epithelial cells -incubates 1-3 days |
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How do you treat influenza?
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-amantadine
-rimantadine -oseltamivir -zanamivir *supportive care to relieve symptoms |
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What are the two important surface antigens of flu virus'?
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-Neuraminidase
-Hemagglutinin |
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What does NA do?
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-degrades host mucus layer to allow for viral attachment of envelope
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What does HA do?
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-viral adhesin that recognizes host receptor
-aids in release of newly formed viruses |
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Describe Influenza A.
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-15HA and 9NA sybtypes infect aquatic birds worldwide
-H1, H2, or H3 and N1 or N2 have cuased human disease *recently, H9N2, H7N7, and H5N1 have cuased diseases! |
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What affect does an antibody to the hemagglutinin protein have on the host?
NA protein? |
-complete immunity
-incomplete immunity, but less severe infection |
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What is Antigenic Drift?
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-ssRNA is replicated by inaccurate RNA transcriptase which leads to mutations
-alterations in HA or NA -immune population selects these mutations *epidemics every 2-3 years |
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What is Antigenic Shift?
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-Major chnages (reassortments, recombinations) in HA and/or NA
-population has no immunity to these new proteins *pandemics every 10-40 years |
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What is the most common childhood respiratory disease?
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-Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV)
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What are the signs and symptoms of RSV?
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-fever, runny-nose, coughing
-mild cold-like symptoms in older children and adults -symptoms caused by bronchiole plugs of dead cells and mucus and immune cell responses |
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Describe the etiological agent for RSV.
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-RSV
--ssRNA virus -formation of syncytia help viruses evade immune system and infect new cells |
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How is RSV transmitted and treated?
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-close contact with infected persons
-suportive treatment for young children |
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What are some signs/symptoms of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?
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-hemorrhagic fever
-head and body aches, malaise, dry cough, pneumonia, pulmonary capillary leakage -death in 50% of cases through shock, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest |
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Describe the etiological agent for the Hantavirus.
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-Hantavirus
-enveloped segmented -ssRNA virus -related to Ebola virus -found in rodents |
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How does the Hanta virus enter the body?
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-inhale infected rodent excrement or saliva
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How do you treat Hanta virus?
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-supportive care, no vax yet
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