Mmg 522: Lecture # 2 Immunology Overview

Front 1

What are the 3 components of the immune system?

Back 1

1. Lymphoid organs
2. Immune cells
2. Molecular mediators

Front 2

Primary (generative) lymphoid organs

Back 2

Generate immune cells

1. Bone marrow
2. Thymus
2. Fetal liver

Front 3

Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs

Back 3

Where immune cells meet antigens

1. Spleen
2. Lymph nodes
3. MALT
GALT, BALT, urogenital

Front 4

Leukocytes

Made where?

2 Classes?

Back 4

Made from bone marrow

1. Myeloid
2. Lymphoid

Front 5

Myeloid

Back 5

1. Neutrophil (PMN)
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil (mast)
4. Monocyte (when in blood)
Macrophage (when in tissue)
Dendritic

Front 6

Lymphoid

Back 6

T
B
Natural Killer (NK)

Front 7

What percent of leukocytes are Myeloid or Lymphoid?

Back 7

Myeloid are 70%
Lymphoid are 30%

Front 8

What leukocyte cells are antimicrobrial?

Back 8

1. Neutrophils
2. Monocyte
3. NK cell
4. B cell
5. T cell

Front 9

What leukocyte cells fight against allergy?

Back 9

1. eosinophil
2. basophil

Front 10

What are the differences between Neutrophils and monocytes?

Back 10

Neutrophils: Phagocytosis

Monocyte: Phagocytosis, APC, and cytokine

Front 11

What are the functions of the NK cell?

Back 11

ADCC, killikng, cytokine

Front 12

What are the functions of the B cells?

Back 12

Antibody and cytokine production

Front 13

What are the molecular mediators?

Back 13

1. Cytokine
2. Complement
3. Acute Phase Proteins (APP)

Front 14

Proteins secreted by cells that act on cells to conduct immune response

Back 14

Cytokines

Front 15

A collection of serum and cell surface proteins that mediate and amplify immune response concertedly via enzyme cascade

Back 15

Complement

Front 16

Proteins increased in serum upon infection to confer immunity

Back 16

Acute Phase Proteins

Front 17

What are the 3 types of Cytokines?

Back 17

1. Interleukins (IL)
2. Chemokine
3. Interferon (IFN)

Front 18

Origninally identified as cytokines secreted by leukocytes and acted upon by leukocytes

Back 18

Interleukin (IL)

Front 19

A subfamily of cytokines with low molecular weight and functioning to attract leukocyte and facilitate migration

Do chemotaxis (recruit more immune cells)

Back 19

Chemokine

Front 20

Originally identified as proteins secreted by cells to interfere with viral infection

Back 20

Interferon (IFN)

Front 21

How are cytokines signaled?

Cytokine properties

Back 21

Transiently (vs constitutively) produced by cells in response to signal

Presence of antigen is the signal.

Autocrine and paracrine

Pleiotropism & Redundancy

Front 22

Receptors may exist on different cell types and mediate different functions

Back 22

Pleiotropism

Front 23

Different cytokine/receptor shares the same signaling pathway.

Back 23

Redundancy

Front 24

Immune system:

Function

Fundamental criteria

Features

Back 24

Fxn: Body defense mechansims

Critera: distinguish self vs. nonself
distinguish threat vs. non-threat

Features: Dynamic, complex, concerted, diverse, multifaceted

Front 25

Strategies of the immune system:

One goal?

2 arms?

Phases?

Back 25

Goal: defense at individual as well as population level

Arms: Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Phases: Recognition, Reaction, and Recovery

Front 26

What are the barriers of innate immunity?

Back 26

1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological

Front 27

What are the innate immune cells?

Back 27

1. Phagocytes
Neutrophils, Macrophages

2. NK

Front 28

What are the systemic effectors (aka molecular mediators) of innate immunity?

Back 28

1. Cytokine
2. Complement
3. APP

Front 29

What are the 2 arms of adaptive immunity?

Back 29

1. Humoral immunity
2. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

Front 30

What are the cells of adaptive immunity?

Back 30

1. Humoral (B cells)
2. CMI (T cells)
3. APC (Dendritic cells, Macrophages, B cells)
3. System effectors (antibodies, cytokines, complement)

Front 31

Which system (innate or adaptive) is constant or induced?

Back 31

Constant: Innate

Induced: Adaptive

Front 32

Which system (innate or adaptive) is immediate or slow?

Back 32

Immediate: Innate

Slow: Adaptive

Front 33

Which system (innate or adaptive) is nonspecific or specific?

Back 33

Nonspecific: Innate

Specific: Adaptive

Front 34

Which system (innate or adaptive) has memory?

Back 34

No: Innate

Yes: Adaptive

Front 35

What are some physical and chemical barriers for innate immunity?

Back 35

Physical: skin, mucous

Chemical: pH, lysosome, FA

Front 36

What are the biological froms of defense targets?

Back 36

1. Microbes: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

2. Tumor

3. Toxins

Front 37

What are the biochemical forms of defense targets?

Back 37

1. Carbos
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Front 38

Any entity that can be recognized and bound by the components of the immune response

Back 38

Antigen

Front 39

What are the 3 types of antigens

Back 39

1. Immunogen
2. Hapten
3. Tolerogen

Front 40

Antigen that elicits immune response

Back 40

Immunogen

Front 41

Antigen that elicits immune respones only with a carrier

Back 41

Hapten

Front 42

Antigen that elicits immune response but not at a later exposure

Back 42

Tolerogen

Front 43

Smallest antigenic determinant

One antigen can have many epitopes on it.

Back 43

Epitope

Front 44

Characteristics of antigens

Back 44

1. Foreignness (self vs. nonself)
2. Molecular size
3. Complexity
4. Antigenic determinants

Front 45

When do cross reactions occur?

Back 45

When two antigens share common epitopes

Utilized in vaccination to employ denatured toxin or virus to induce protective immunity

Front 46

What are the major class of antigens?

Back 46

1. Carbs (many are immunogenic)

2. Lipids: some are immunogenic as haptens

3. DNA: generally poor immunogens

4. Proteins: virtually all proteins are potentially immunogenic

Front 47

What are the two pathogen types?

Back 47

1. Extracellular
2. Intracellular

Where they replicate their DNA

Front 48

B cell are what type of pathogen?

T cells?

Back 48

Humoral (antibodies) are extracellular

CMI are intracellular

Front 49

What occurs in the bone marrow?

In thymus?

In peripheral lymphoid organs?

Back 49

All immune cells are made here

Immature T cells get educated.

Where lycomphocytes encounter antigens