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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell wall inhibitors
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B-lactam
Vancomycin Bacitracin |
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Blocking transpeptidation rxn (for peptidoglycan cross-links)
Blocks penicillin binding protein (PBP) |
B-lactam
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Resistance to B-lactam
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B-lactamases
Mutation of PBP Mutation in OM and dec. permeability Need clavulanic acid (B-lactamase inhibitors) |
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Blocks CW synthesis by blocking release of peptidoglycan precursors
-Bactericidal only to gram + |
Vancomycin
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Affects CM
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Polymyxin
Colistin Bactericidal to gram - only |
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Mycobacterial CW inhibitors
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Isoniazid, Ethionamide: blocks mycolic acid synthsis
Ethambutol Cycloserine |
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Protein synthesis inhibitors
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Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Macrolides & lincosamides Oxazolidinones |
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-Blocks initiation
-Toxic to kidneys -Requires oxidative -phosphorylation so anaerobs resistant |
Aminoglycosides
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-Blocks attachment of tRNA to mRNA ribosome complex
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Tetracyclines
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Blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase
Can cause aplastic anemia Resistance via chloramphenicol acetyltransferase |
Choloramphenicol
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Blocks translocation
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Macrolides & lincosamides
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Blocks formation of translation initiation complex
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Oxazolidinones
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Nucleic acid inhibitors
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Quinolones
rifampicin Metronidazole |
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Inhibition of DNA gyrase
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Quinolones
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Blocks DNA-dependent RNA pol (transcription)
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Rifampicin
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Produces toxic product that damages DNA & inhibits DNA repair
Only for anaerobic |
Metronidazole
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Metabolic inhibitors
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Trimethoprim & sulfonamides
Block folic acid synthesis |
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Kills susceptible microorganisms
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Bactericidal
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Reversibly inhibits metabolic processes, but does not kill bacteria
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Bacteriostatic
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Toxic dose (conc that damages host)/therapeutic dose (conc. that cures infection)
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Therapeutic index
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Conc. of Ab that can be achieved in bld w/ optimal therapy
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Breakpoint
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Range of genera & species against which Ab is active
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Spectrum
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Lowest conc. of an Ab that prevents growth
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Minimum inhibitory conc.
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Lowest conc. of a given Ab required to kill 99.9% of bacteria
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Minimum bactericidal conce.
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Broth dilution
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MIC & MBC
Tube that shows no turbidity w/ lowest conc of Ab: MIC Plate that shows no growth on plate is MBC |
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Agar dilution
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MIC only
first plate that shows no growth is MIC |
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Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion
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If inhibition of growth, see zone of clearing
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Interferes with arabinogalactan synthesis
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Ethambutol
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Inhibits alanine synthetase and racemase
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Cycloserine
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