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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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staphylococcus epidermidis
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found in regions of high moisture
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propionibacterium acnes
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causes ances vulgaris
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malassezia
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normal fungal skin inhabitant
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lactoperoxidase and lysozyme
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enzymes found in mouth that act as antibiotics
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streptococcus sobrinus
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leads to tooth decay
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streptococcus mutans
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aids in biofilm formation of teeth
adheres to surface with the aid of dextran |
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helicobacter pylori
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lives in mucous membrane of stomach.
neutralizes pH and causes stomach ulcers |
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beneficial effects of intestinal microbes
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1. vitamin synthesis
2. glycosidase activity 3. steroid metabolism |
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lactobacillus acidophilus
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ferments glycogen to produce lactic acid in vagina
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hyaluronidase
collagenase streptokinase coagulase elastase |
breaks down connective tissue
breaks down collagen destroys fibrin of blood clots causes blood to clot breaks down host cell membra |
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AB toxin
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B part binds to receptor cell
A part enters the cell and binds with ribosome to block tRNA |
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Botulism toxin
Tetanus toxin |
blocks neurotransmitter function and causes relaxing of muscles
overflows neurotransmitter functioncausing spastic paralysis |
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Cholera toxin
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AB toxin that causes increase in cyclic AMP and excretion of salt ions to cause fluid loss
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Shiga toxin
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AB toxin that cuts ribosomal RNA
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Limulus amoebocyte assay
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test for endotoxins using blood of limulus
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Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
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MRSA
HA-MRSA - healthcare associated CA-MRSA - community VISA - vacomycin intermidiate VRSA - resistant |
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Clostridium difficile
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causes flu like symptoms from spores usually in hospital settings
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methods of disease control
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reservoir control
transmission control immunizations quarantine survielance |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Scarlet fever - carry lysogenic bacteriophage
Rheumatic Fever - bacteria cell resembles normal human suface antigen causing autoimmune response Invasive infections - exotoxins and M-protein causes hyper-immune response leading to tissue destuction necrotizing facscitis streptococcal pharyngitis - strep throat |
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streptococcus agalactiae
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Group B strep that causes infection in newborns, pregnant women, and elderly
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streptococcus pneumoniae
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pneumonia
bacterial meningitis |
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corynebacterium diphtheriae
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causes diphtheria that can make pseudomembranes that block airway
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bordetella pertussis
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causes pertussis (whooping cough)
binds to cells with filamentous hemagglutinin produces cyclic AMP which leads to tissue damage |
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mycobacterium tuberculosis
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causes tuberculosis
lives in macrophages causes hypersensitive immune responses that create tubercles which can calcify MDR-TB and XDR-TB are antibiotic resistant |
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neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae |
causes of meningitis
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rhinovirus
coronavirus parainfluenza |
causes of common cold
more common in children |
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avian inflenza
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h5n1
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rubeola virus
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Measles - cough, fever, nasal discharge, rash
Mumps - inflammation of salivary glands, swelling of neck Rubella - milder symptoms than measles |
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varicella-zoster virus
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chickenpox
can be activated later in life to cause shingles |
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S. aureus and S. epidermidis
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acne, abcess, impetigo, septecimia, enterditis, otidis media, endocarditis
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hepatitis
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A - transmitted by shellfish/contaminated food
B- causes cirrhosis of the liver and is transmitted sexually, needles, tattooing, and blood transfusions C- similar to B but has milder symptoms originally |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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gonorrhea - diplococcus, non-motile cell that cannot live outside of the body and infects genitourinary tract, eye, rectum, and throat
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Treponema pallidum
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Syphilis - Forms chancre, spreads to other tissues (may cause skin rash), can infect bone and nervous system
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chlamydia trachomatis
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Chlamydia / Trachoma - Complex life cycle where elementary bodies enter cell through endocytosis then differentiate to reticulate bodies which multiply into more elementary bodies and exit cell
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HSV-1
HSV-2 |
herpes simplex virus
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AIDS
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HIV infects host cells containing surface proteins CD4 and CCR5.
Viral protein gp120 binds to these sites opprotunistic pathogens lie pneumocystis jiroveci, candida albicans, and toxoplasma gondii kill host |
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bacillus anthracis
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anthrax - routes of infection are cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal
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clostridium botulinum
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botulism - very powerful toxin
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yersinia pestis
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plague - pneumonic, bubonic, septicemic
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francisella tularensis
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tularemia - transmitted by mood tick or deer fly.
causes skin ulcers, inflamed eyes, sore throat, oral ulcers, swollen lymph glands, or pneumonia |
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variola virus
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smallpox
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viral hemorrhagic fever
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ebola - highly contagious
causes bleeding, blood clots, damage to retina, mucousa and other organs. |
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rhaboviridae
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rabies - very fatal disease if not given post exposure vaccination.
infects spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum negri bodies are found in brain samples |
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hantavirus
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deer mouse host, caused by inhalation of dried fecal matter.
causes pulmonary syndromes: fever, muscle aches, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes |
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legionella pneumophila
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legionnaires' disease - waterborne organism that lives in aomeba and can be inhaled in droplets
lives inside macrophages in humans can cause milder form Pontiac fever which has flu-like symptoms |
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Rickettsia ricketsii
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rocky mountain spotted fever - fever, headache, severe rash, vomiting, diarrhea
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ehrlichia family
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ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis - flulike symptoms but can be life threatening
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rickettsia prowazekii
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typhus - human - to - human transmission or head lice
"war fever" |
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coxiella burnetii
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q-fever - contact with animal urine, feces, milk, or other fluids
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borrelia burgdorferi
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lyme disease - transmitted by ticks. Red ring around site of infection. leads to heart inflamation, neurological problems, and arthritis
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plasmodium falciparum
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malaria - (also caused by p. vivax, p. ovale, and p. malariae) complex life cycle
eukaryotic protozoan |
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histoplasma capsulatum
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histoplasmosis - fungus that infect lungs
caused by inhalation of spores from bird or bat droppings |
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coccidioides immitis
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cocciodiodomycosis - fungal lung infection
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trichophyton
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athletes foot
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staphylococcus aureus
clostridium perfringens clostridium botulinum |
bacterial pathogens that can cause food poisoning
c. perfingens is most prevalent food poisoning in US |
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campylobacter jejuni
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campylobacteriosis - causes diarrheal illness
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listeria monocytogenes
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listerosis - psychrotolerant
transmitted through dairy products and more |
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pathogenic escherichia coli O157:H7
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can cause intestinal bleeding
make a shiga-like toxin (STEC) produce toxin that causes intestines to excrete excessive fluid (ETEC) |
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norovius
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growing virus that causes cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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vibrio cholerae
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cholera - accidental injestion of fecal contaminated water
bacteria attaches to small intestine and excretes toxin that causes excessive diarrhea |
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giardia and cryptosporidium
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cause food poisoning
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