Chapter 13 Oceanography

Front 1

A process by which bacteria or archaea synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients using chemical energy released from the bonds of a chemical compound by oxidation

Back 1

chemosynthiese

Front 2

Tiny calcareous dice averaging about 3 micrometers in diameter that from the cell wall of coccolithophores

Back 2

coccoliths

Front 3

a relationship between two species in which one or both benefit or neither or one is harmed

Back 3

Sysbiosis

Front 4

A mid latitude bloom of phytoplankton that occurs durning the fall and is limited by the availability of sunlight

Back 4

Fall bloom

Front 5

Organisms that eat bacteria

Back 5

Bacteriovores

Front 6

An organism that obtains its food by filtering seawater for other organisms

Back 6

Filter feeding or suspension feeder

Front 7

Any marine organisms that are caught incidentally by fishers seeking commercial species

Back 7

Bycatch

Front 8

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other

Back 8

Parasitism

Front 9

Plankton extracting device that is cone shaped and typically of a silk material

Back 9

Plankton nets

Front 10

Animals and bacteria that depends on the organic compounds produced by other organisms as food.

Back 10

Heterotrophic

Front 11

The total mass of a defined organisms or group of organisms in a particular community or in the ocean as a whole.

Back 11

Biomass

Front 12

Algal plankton. One of the most important communities of primary producers in the ocean.

Back 12

Phytoplankton

Front 13

A reddish-brown discoloration of surface water, usually in coastal areas, caused by high concentrations of microscopic organisms, usually dinoflagellates.

Back 13

Red tide

Front 14

The mass of fishery organisms present in an ecosystem at a given time.

Back 14

Standing stock

Front 15

A nourishment level in a food chain.

Back 15

Trophic level

Front 16

An instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite launched in 1997 that measures the color of the ocean with a radiometer and provides global coverage of ocean chlorophyll levels as well as land productivities every two days.

Back 16

Sea wifs

Front 17

Waters that exhibit low levels of biological production such as the centers of subtropical gyres.

Back 17

Oligotrophic

Front 18

A representation of trophic levels that illustrates the progressive decrease in total biomass at successive higher levels of the pyramid.

Back 18

Biomass pyramid

Front 19

A region of high productivity.

Back 19

Eutrophic

Front 20

A type of seafood poisoning caused by ingestion of certain tropical reef fish that have high levels of naturally occurring dinoflagellate toxins

Back 20

Ciguotera

Front 21

A light colored disk-shaped device that is lowered into water in order to measure the waters ability to transmit light.

Back 21

Secchi disk

Front 22

the depth at which net photosynthesis becomes zero; below this depth, photosynthesis organism can no longer survive

Back 22

compensation depth for photosynthesis

Front 23

the movement of CO2 that enters the ocean from the atmosphere through the water column to the sediment on the ocean floor by biological process-photosynthesis, secretion of shells, feeding, and dying

Back 23

biological pump

Front 24

an organism that feeds on food items that occur as deposits, including detritus and various detritus-coated sediments

Back 24

deposit feeder

Front 25

a layer that extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth where enough light exists to supports photosynthesis, rarely deeper than 100 meters

Back 25

euphotic zone

Front 26

a group of green pigments that make it possible for plants to carry on photosynthesis.

Back 26

chlorophyll

Front 27

a fishing net made of monofilament fishing line that catches organisms by entanglement.

Back 27

driftnet or gill nets

Front 28

a midlatitude bloom of photosynthesis that occurs during the spring and is limited by the availability of nutrients

Back 28

spring bloom

Front 29

an act by U.S. congress in 1972 that specifies rules to protect marine mammals in U.S. waters

Back 29

marine mammals protection act

Front 30

the spectrum of radiant energy emitted from stars and ranging between cosmic rays with wave lenghts of less than 10 to 11 centimeters and very long waves with wave lenghts in excess of 100 kilometers

Back 30

electromagnetic spectrum

Front 31

a symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit

Back 31

mutualism

Front 32

the amount of energy passed on from a trophic level to the one above it divided by the amount it received from the one below it

Back 32

gross ecological efficiency

Front 33

the maximum fishery biomass that can be removed yearly and still be sustained by the fishery ecosystem

Back 33

maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

Front 34

the natural cycling of compounds among the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem

Back 34

biogeochemical cycles

Front 35

a deposit composed primarily of the tests of diatoms mixed with clay

Back 35

diatomaceous earth

Front 36

a layer of water in which a high rate of change in density in the vertical dimension is present

Back 36

Pycnocline

Front 37

a whip like living structure used by some cells for a location

Back 37

flagellum