Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what must be absent in order to declare brain death criteria?
|
can only be declared in the absense of:
-hypothermia -hypotension -metabolic or endocrine abnormalities -neuromuscular blockers -drugs which depress brain function |
|
|
risks of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
|
-hyperoxia AND hypoxia are risk factors, but not the primary causes of ROP
-ROP risk increases with low birth weight and complex comorbidities like sepsis |
|
|
pressure control vs. pressure support ventilation
|
-pressure control is similar to pressure support in that the peak airway pressure is controlled, but the difference is that with PC there is a mandatory rate and inspiratory time which are set, and as with pressure control gas flow stops when a pressure level is reached, but with PC the vent does not cycle to expiration until the preset inspiration time has elapsed
|
|
|
what is the disadvantage of conventional PCV?
|
the tidal volume is not guaranteed (although there are mode which can do it now)
|
|
|
comparison of orotracheal vs. nasotracheal intubation
|
nasotracheal may be more comfortable and more secure with less incidence of accidental extubation
|
|
|
risks associated with prolonged oro or nasotracheal intubation
|
when either is left for more than 2-3 weeks, patients are predisposed to subglottic stenosis, so should be replaced with cuffed trach
|
|
|
the major effect of PEEP
|
-the major effect is to increase FRC
-in patients with decreased lung volume, PEEP or CPAP will increase FRC and tidal ventilation above closing capacity, will improve lung compliance, and will correct ventilation/perfusion abnormalities |
|
|
dangers of PEEP
|
a higher incidence of barotrauma is seen with excessive PEEP or CPAP, especially above 20 cmH2O
|
|
|
how can cough be induced, atelectasis be prevented, and normal lung volume be preserved?
|
by maneuvers which produce sustained maximum lung inflation, like incentive spirometry
|
|
|
strategies for patients with ARDS
|
-injury from high inspired oxygen concentrations has not been demonstrated conclusively in humans
|
