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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fanconi syndrome is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the kidney in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed.
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____ is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the ____ in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the ____, instead of being ____.
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In venous blood, traveling to the lungs, chloride shifts into RBC while bicarbonate shifts out. In arterial blood, blood leaving the lungs, chloride shifts out of RBC while bicarbonate shifts in.
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In ____ blood, ____, chloride shifts into RBC while bicarbonate shifts out. In ____ blood, ____, chloride shifts out of RBC while bicarbonate shifts in.
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Calcium - neuromuscular excitation
Iron - electron transport Zinc - prostate function Bicarbonate - plasma buffer Sodium - major regulator of extracellular osmolality Chloride - digestion |
____ - neuromuscular excitation
____ - electron transport ____ - prostate function ____ - plasma buffer ____ - major regulator of extracellular osmolality ____ - digestion |
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Addison's disease - decreased aldosterone
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Addison's disease - ____ aldosterone
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Conn's disease - increased aldosterone
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Conn's disease - ____ aldosterone
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insulin shock - decreased potassium
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insulin shock - ____ potassium
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Hypertension
increased sodium decreased potassium |
Hypertension
____ sodium ____ potassium |
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Vomiting
decreased sodium decreased potassium decreased chloride dehydration |
Vomiting
____ sodium ____ potassium ____ chloride ____ |
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Cushing's syndrome -
increased cortisol (regulates blood glucose) weak aldosterone |
Cushing's syndrome -
____ cortisol (regulates blood glucose) ____ |
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Sodium normal reference values:
serum - 136 - 146 mmol/L urine - 40 - 220 mmol/24 hr |
Sodium normal reference values:
serum - ____ urine - ____ |
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Potassium normal reference values:
serum - 3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L urine - 25 - 120 mmol/L |
Potassium normal reference values:
serum - ____ urine - ____ |
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Chloride normal reference values:
serum - 98 - 106 mmol/L urine - 110 - 250 mmol/L |
Chloride normal reference values:
serum - ____ urine - ____ |
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Osmolality normal reference values:
serum - 275 - 295 mOsm/kg urine - 50 - 1200 mOm/kg |
Osmolality normal reference values:
serum - ____ urine - ____ |
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Sodium ion percentage: 45-50%
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Sodium ion percentage: ____%
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Schales and Schales test for chloride:
diphenylcarbazone |
Schales and Schales test for chloride:
____ |
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Ion Selective Electrode for potassium:
valinomycin |
Ion Selective Electrode for potassium:
____ |
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Continous Flow Analyzer for ctCO2 (SMAC):
phenolphthalein |
Continous Flow Analyzer for ctCO2 (SMAC):
____ |
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Enzymatic method for ctCO2 (DuPont ACA):
malate/oxalate |
Enzymatic method for ctCO2 (DuPont ACA):
____ |
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Colorimetric test for ketones:
nitroprusside |
Colorimetric test for ketones:
____ |
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Coulometric-amperometric test for chloride:
Mercuric thiocyanate |
Coulometric-amperometric test for chloride:
____ |
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AG Ratio:
Albumin / (Total Protein - Albumin) |
AG Ratio:
____ |
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Cystic fibrosis test:
sweat chloride |
Cystic fibrosis test:
____ |
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Anorexia nervosa - decreased potassium
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Anorexia nervosa - ____ potassium
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metabolic acidosis -
increased serum potassium decreased urine potassium H+ move out of the blood into the cells causing K+ to move out of the cells into the blood |
metabolic acidosis -
____ serum potassium ____ urine potassium ____ |
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Excessive diuretic therapy -
Causes increased urine output as well as blocks electrolyte reabsorbance |
Excessive diuretic therapy -
Causes ____ urine output as well as ____ electrolyte reabsorbance |
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Hemolytic anemia - increased cell lysis thereby increasing the plasma concentration of electrolytes normally found inside cells
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____ - increased cell lysis thereby ____ the plasma concentration of ____ normally found ____ cells
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Sodium
decreased - SIADH decreased - Hypothyroidism (myxedema) increased - Renin secreting tumor decreased - Congestive heart failure increased - Nephrogenic diabetes decreased - Vomiting |
Sodium
____ - SIADH ____ - Hypothyroidism (myxedema) ____ - Renin secreting tumor ____ - Congestive heart failure ____ - Nephrogenic diabetes ____ - Vomiting |
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Serum Sodium
increased - Renin secreting tumor decreased - SIADH decreased - Congestive heart failure increased - Nephrogenic diabetes decreased - Vomiting decreased - Hypothyroidism (myxedema) |
Serum Sodium
____ - Renin secreting tumor ____ - SIADH ____ - Congestive heart failure ____ - Nephrogenic diabetes ____ - Vomiting ____ - Hypothyroidism (myxedema) |
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Serum Bicarbonate
decreased - respiratory alkalosis decreased - renal tubular acidosis with hyperchloremia increased - metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia increased - hypokalemia decreased - renal failure increased - excessive use of alkali (tums) |
Serum Bicarbonate
____ - respiratory alkalosis ____ - renal tubular acidosis with hyperchloremia ____ - metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia ____ - hypokalemia ____ - renal failure ____ - excessive use of alkali (tums) |
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Serum Bicarbonate
decreased - respiratory alkalosis increased - hypokalemia decreased - renal tubular acidosis with hyperchloremia increased - excessive use of alkali (tums) increased - metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia decreased - renal failure |
Serum Bicarbonate
____ - respiratory alkalosis ____ - hypokalemia ____ - renal tubular acidosis with hyperchloremia ____ - excessive use of alkali (tums) ____ - metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia ____ - renal failure |
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Serum Chloride
increased - metabolic acidosis increased - diabetes insipidus decreased - prolonged vomiting decreased - hypoaldosteronism decreased - SIADH decreased - prolonged diarrhea |
Serum Chloride
____ - metabolic acidosis ____ - diabetes insipidus ____ - prolonged vomiting ____ - hypoaldosteronism ____ - SIADH ____ - prolonged diarrhea |
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Serum Chloride
increased - metabolic acidosis decreased - SIADH decreased - prolonged diarrhea decreased - prolonged vomiting decreased - hypoaldosteronism increased - diabetes insipidus |
Serum Chloride
____ - metabolic acidosis ____ - SIADH ____ - prolonged diarrhea ____ - prolonged vomiting ____ - hypoaldosteronism ____ - diabetes insipidus |
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Increased serum glucose:
Diabetes mellitus Primary hyperthyroidism Cushing's syndrome |
Increased serum glucose:
____ ____ ____ |
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Thyrotoxicosis () - increased blood glucose
Renal shut down - increased blood urea Fulminant hepatitis - increased blood ammonia |
Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - increased ____
Renal shut down - increased ____ Fulminant hepatitis - increased ____ |
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Increased aldosterone:
increased sodium decreased potassium increased serum volume decreased 24 hr urine sodium increased 24 hr urine potassium decreased 24 hr urine volume |
Increased aldosterone:
____ sodium ____ potassium ____ serum volume ____ 24 hr urine sodium ____ 24 hr urine potassium ____ 24 hr urine volume |
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decreased aldosterone:
decreased sodium increased potassium decreased serum volume increased 24 hr urine sodium decreased 24 hr urine potassium increased 24 hr urine volume |
decreased aldosterone:
____ sodium ____ potassium ____ serum volume ____ 24 hr urine sodium ____ 24 hr urine potassium ____ 24 hr urine volume |
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metabolic alkalosis -
decreased serum potassium increased urine potassium H+ move out of the cells into the blood causing K+ to move out of the blood into the cells |
metabolic alkalosis -
____ serum potassium ____ urine potassium ____ |
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SIADH (increased ADH)
decreased sodium decreased potassium increased serum volume decreased serum osmolality decreased 24 hr urine volume increased 24 hr urine osmolality |
SIADH (____ ADH)
____ sodium ____ potassium ____ serum volume ____ serum osmolality ____ 24 hr urine volume ____ 24 hr urine osmolality |
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Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH)
increased sodium increased potassium decreased serum volume increased serum osmolality increased 24 hr urine volume decreased 24 hr urine osmolality |
Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH)
____ sodium ____ potassium ____ serum volume ____ serum osmolality ____ 24 hr urine volume ____ 24 hr urine osmolality |
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Chloride parallels sodium levels.
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Chloride ____ sodium levels.
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Bicarbonate normal reference values:
22 - 29 mmol/L |
Bicarbonate normal reference values:
____ mmol/L |
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24 hr urine normal reference values:
specific gravity - 1.015 - 1.025 osmolality - 300 - 900 mOsm/kg |
24 hr urine normal reference values:
specific gravity - ____ osmolality - ____ |
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Major extracellular electrolytes:
Sodium Chloride Calcium |
Major extracellular electrolytes:
____ ____ ____ |
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Major intracellular electrolytes:
Potassium Magnesium Phosphate |
Major intracellular electrolytes:
____ ____ ____ |
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Plasma Osmolality formula:
Posm = 1.86[Na+] + ([Glucose]/18) + ([BUN]/2.8) |
Plasma Osmolality formula:
Posm = ____ |
