Mls 302 - Unit 2 - Intro

Front 1

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)

ASCP Board of Certification provides certification of laboratory professionals.

It is the largest and oldest pathology and laboratory medicine society and was founded in 1928. The board of Certification was previously known as Board of Registry.

The BOC offers certifications in 20 different categories and qualifications in three categories.

Back 1

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)

ASCP Board of Certification provides certification of laboratory professionals.

It is the largest and oldest pathology and laboratory medicine society and was founded in 1928. The board of Certification was previously known as Board of Registry.

The BOC offers certifications in 20 different categories and qualifications in three categories.

Front 2

American Society for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (ASCLS)

Review slides (lots of information)

Back 2

American Society for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (ASCLS)

Review slides (lots of information)

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American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)

Collects and supplies cultures for laboratory testing.

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American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)

Collects and supplies cultures for laboratory testing.

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Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

Develops and publishes best practices in clinical and laboratory testing.

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Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

Develops and publishes best practices in clinical and laboratory testing.

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College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Review slides (lots of information)

Back 5

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Review slides (lots of information)

Front 6

John Snow, a physician, use a map of London to plot a cholera outbreak in 1854. He noted that cases clustered around the Broad Street pump and had the handle of the pump removed. This halted the spread of the disease.

Back 6

John Snow, a physician, use a map of London to plot a cholera outbreak in 1854. He noted that cases clustered around the Broad Street pump and had the handle of the pump removed. This halted the spread of the disease.

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Epidemic is an outbreak of disease affecting a large number of individuals in a population, community, or region at the same time.

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Epidemic is an outbreak of disease affecting a large number of individuals in a population, community, or region at the same time.

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Endemic is an outbreak restricted or peculiar to a region.

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Endemic is an outbreak restricted or peculiar to a region.

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Pandemic is occurring over a wide geographic area such as a continent or the world.

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Pandemic is occurring over a wide geographic area such as a continent or the world.

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Sporadic is occasionally occurring.

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Sporadic is occasionally occurring.

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Index case is the first occurrence of an infectious or genetic condition that leads to the discovery of others in a family or group.

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Index case is the first occurrence of an infectious or genetic condition that leads to the discovery of others in a family or group.

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North American blastomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic in certain parts of North America, especially the area around the Great Lakes and the river valleys of the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers.

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North American blastomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic in certain parts of North America, especially the area around the Great Lakes and the river valleys of the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers.

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Key Agencies flow chart:
World Health Organization (WHO)
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) though Public Health Service (PHS)
Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH)
Local (county) Health Department

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Key Agencies flow chart:
World Health Organization (WHO)
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) though Public Health Service (PHS)
Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH)
Local (county) Health Department

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The World Health Organization (WHO) was created on April 7, 1948, a day celebrated as World Health Day. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as coordinating authority on international public health.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) was created on April 7, 1948, a day celebrated as World Health Day. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as coordinating authority on international public health.

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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a weekly publication of the CDC.

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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a weekly publication of the CDC.

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Mississippi's tuberculosis control program has been one of the most successful tuberculosis programs in the nation. From 1992 to 2002, the TB program has reduced the number of annual new active TB cases by more than 50%.

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Mississippi's tuberculosis control program has been one of the most successful tuberculosis programs in the nation. From 1992 to 2002, the TB program has reduced the number of annual new active TB cases by more than 50%.

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Healthcare Associated/Aquired Infections (HAI) were formerly known as nosocomial infections.

HAI result from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent or its toxin that occurs during a hospital admission for which there is no evidence the infection was present or incubating at admission, and meets body site-specific criteria.

Patient-days were defined as the total number of days the patients were in the hospital.

Back 17

Healthcare Associated/Aquired Infections (HAI) were formerly known as nosocomial infections.

HAI result from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent or its toxin that occurs during a hospital admission for which there is no evidence the infection was present or incubating at admission, and meets body site-specific criteria.

Patient-days were defined as the total number of days the patients were in the hospital.

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HAI examples of risk factors/compromise
Antibiotic therapy (GNR in oropharynx)
Advanced age (nutritional depletion)
Transmission from healthcare providers
Immunosuppressed
Alcohol intoxication
Respriatory considerations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depressed cough reflex, prolong immobility, smoking, nasogastric or other type of intubation

Back 18

HAI examples of risk factors/compromise
Antibiotic therapy (GNR in oropharynx)
Advanced age (nutritional depletion)
Transmission from healthcare providers
Immunosuppressed
Alcohol intoxication
Respriatory considerations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depressed cough reflex, prolong immobility, smoking, nasogastric or other type of intubation

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HAI organisms:
Acinetobacter
Burkholderia cepacia
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium sordelli
Enterobacter
Hepatits
HIV
Influenza
Klebsiella
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacterium abscessus
Norovirus
Tuberculosis
VISA and VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

Back 19

HAI organisms:
Acinetobacter
Burkholderia cepacia
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium sordelli
Enterobacter
Hepatits
HIV
Influenza
Klebsiella
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacterium abscessus
Norovirus
Tuberculosis
VISA and VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

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HAI are an improtant public health problem. Approximately 1 out of 20 hospitalized patients will contract an HAI. In American hospitals alone, HAI account for 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths each year.

Back 20

HAI are an improtant public health problem. Approximately 1 out of 20 hospitalized patients will contract an HAI. In American hospitals alone, HAI account for 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths each year.

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Breakdown of HAI causes
32% - urinary tract infections
22% - surgical site infections
15% - pneumonia (lung infections)
14% - bloodstream infections

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Breakdown of HAI causes
32% - urinary tract infections
22% - surgical site infections
15% - pneumonia (lung infections)
14% - bloodstream infections

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The role of the microbiology laboratory is to collect accurate data on the identity of the organisms and complete susceptibility patterns and to report the data to infection control or surveillance officer.

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The role of the microbiology laboratory is to collect accurate data on the identity of the organisms and complete susceptibility patterns and to report the data to infection control or surveillance officer.

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Epidemiology is the study of the spread of disease within a population or geographic area. Control or prevention of disease is the goal and is often a reverse process. Its purposes is public health and not individual patients.

Statistical analysis is essential. Data is collected by key agencies (surveillance) for reportable diseases.

Back 23

Epidemiology is the study of the spread of disease within a population or geographic area. Control or prevention of disease is the goal and is often a reverse process. Its purposes is public health and not individual patients.

Statistical analysis is essential. Data is collected by key agencies (surveillance) for reportable diseases.

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Incidence is the number of new cases during some time period.

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Incidence is the number of new cases during some time period.

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manipulative

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manipulative

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A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease, and provides early warning of possible outbreaks

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A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease, and provides early warning of possible outbreaks

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Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.

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Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.

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Surveillance is the close observation of a person or group, especially one under suspicion.

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Surveillance is the close observation of a person or group, especially one under suspicion.

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Recall is the ability to recognize previously learned material ranging from specific facts to complex theories.

Interpretive skills is the ability to utilize recalled knowledge to interpret or apply verbal, numeric, or visual data.

Problem solving is the ability to utilize recalled knowledge and the interpretation/application of distinct criteria to resolve a problem or situation and/or make an appropriate decision.

Back 29

Recall is the ability to recognize previously learned material ranging from specific facts to complex theories.

Interpretive skills is the ability to utilize recalled knowledge to interpret or apply verbal, numeric, or visual data.

Problem solving is the ability to utilize recalled knowledge and the interpretation/application of distinct criteria to resolve a problem or situation and/or make an appropriate decision.

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Microbiology accounts for 20% of the MLS certification exam.

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Microbiology accounts for 20% of the MLS certification exam.