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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List Misc. and Infrequently encountered GNR
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Vibrio, Helicobacter, Gardnerella, Francisella, Aeromonas/Plesiomonas
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Vibrio Char.
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Comma shapped Gram negative rod. Motile because of polar flagella.
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What disease is Vibrio cholerae, how is it spread, and what can lead to an outbreak?
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Cholera which is acute diarrheal disease. When it is hit it affects a population and can be considered epidemic. It is spread through contaminated water (fecal oral route) and things like war can cause break down the upkeep of clean water systems
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Of the 139 serotypes, where does the infection occur and how many serotypes can casue cholera?
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2 can cause cholera O1 and O139 (Letter O represents somatic antigen which is basically pilli which helps them attach.) The infection occurs in the small intestines.
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What is Choleragen?
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Exotoxin that causes hyper secretion of cell in small intestines.
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What about a persons stools suggest cholera?
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Rice water stools
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How much fluid can a person lose in 1 hour, in 1 day?
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1 liter an hour, 15/20 liters/day. This is described as copious fluid loss.
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What is the death rate is untreated and what is the treatment?
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Death rate is 60% untreated. Falls to 1% if treated. Treatment entails pumping in fluids faster than it can exit.
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List 2 non-cholera vibrios: list where you get them and what they cause.
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V. parahaemolyticus
V. Vulnificus Halophilic: salt loving (marine setting) get from seafood or swimming with cut in contaminated sea water. Causes: acute enteritis(food source) or Cellulitis (swimming) |
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Lab ID of Vibrios:
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Oxidase positive
TCBS plating (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-Sucrose) V. Cholera=Sucrose positive "yellow colonies" Non-cholera Vibrios: Halophilic strains TCBS + 1% NACL Sucrose negative Blue-Green colonies (think ocean colors) |
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What does H. pylori cause?
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80% of peptic ulcers
90% of dodenal ulcers Possible predisposed to gastric cancer |
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Lab Id of H. pylori.
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S-shaped Gnr w. polar flagella
Gastric biopsy and rapid Urease test (hot pink) Urea breath test (radioactive carbon 14) ELISA serologic tests. |
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How does H. pylori do the deed?
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Cork screws into gastric mucus, attaches to mucus secreting cells in the stomach lining, causes decreased production of mucus leading to ulcers.
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How does H. pylori survive to do the deed?
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Urea in stomach. Urease from bacteria. This produced ammonia around the bac which increases the pH so it can survive.
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List 5 virulence factors for H. pylori
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Protein that inhibits acid production
urease flagella adhesins antiphagocytic enzymes |
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How do you treat H. pylori
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Tagement to inhibit acid production in stomach and to relieve pain.
Multi-antimicrobial therapy |
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What is is important to remember about Lactobacillus?
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It is the predominant Vaginal flora (good bac) Large GPR. It lowers the pH in the vagina, which in turn inhibits other bac from growing. If hormones or something like antimicrobial therapy raises pH it reduces the growth of Lactobacillus, this allows other bac to grow and infection results.
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If Lactobacillus is down what is up?
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G. vaginalis and Mobiluncus. They are NF but their concentrations are supposed to be very low.
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What is Gardnerella vaginalis, and what can it cause?
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NF in 70% of healthy females, but in low amounts.
Can cause vaginosis (defined as disruption of the Normal vaginal flora) |
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Lab ID of Gardnerella vaginalis?
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Gram stain (Gram neg. to Gram variable rods)
Clue cells with abundant organisms plus PMN's |
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What do you use to culture Gardnerella vaginalis?
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V-agar (HBT)-Vaginalis agar which is made with human RBC's, starch, and proteins.
Takes 2-3 days to grow Tiny diffuse Beta hemolytic colonies (SBA is non-hemolytic) |
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What plates are normally used for a vaginal screen?
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SBA
Chocolate V-agar MTM |
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List 3 Brucella spp and who it infects:
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Brucella melitensis (man)
Brucella abortus (cattle) Brucella suis (pig) |
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Why does Brucella abortus cause abortions in cattle?
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A vitamin called erythritol is found in high concentrations in the plancenta. Once the organism starts to grow it causes abortion.
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What does Brucella melitensis cause in Man.
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Brucellosis. High undulating fever, chills, weakness, depression, can last months, years.
1 documented case of lasting upto 20 years. |
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Brucella is nasty because it can?
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It is an intracellular parasite.
Once phagocytized by macrophages and monocytes it is carried to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and kidneys. It causes lesions in these organs, leading to impairment. |
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What level lab do you need for Brucella?
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Biolevel safety 3- send to reference lab.
Need a high efficency particulate air filter. |
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Who carries Francisella tularensis and what can it cause?
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Carried by wild rodents (rabbits, beavers, muskrats)
handling carcasses or skin of infected animals Splashing it in eye or touching eye after touching animal Tick bites Acute fibrile (fever) granulomatous (skin lesion) and rapid onset w/ flu-like fever. |
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How infectious is Francisells tularensis?
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It is highly infectious and can penetrate unbroken skin with less than 10 organisms needed to cause infection.
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What level lab do you need for Francisella tularensis?
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Bio level 3 (reference lab usually)
It is also an intracellular parasite (like Brucella) |
