Mlp2-Mammalogy Lab Practical #2

Front 1

1 family in order Didelphimorphia

Back 1

Didelphidae

Front 2

2 families in Soricomorpha

Back 2

Soricidae & Talpidae

Front 3

8 families in Carnivora

Back 3

Canidae, Ursidae, Otariidae, Phocidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Felidae

Front 4

8 species in family Soricidae

Back 4

Sorex bendirii, S. monticolus, S. pacificus, S. palustris, S. preblei, S. sonomae, S. trowbridgii, S. vagrans
Sorex-soricis-the shrew mouse

Front 5

Sorex bendirii-common name

Back 5

Pacific water or marsh shrew

Front 6

Sorex monticolus-common name

Back 6

montane or dusky shrew
monticolus-mountain dwelling

Front 7

Sorex pacificus-common name

Back 7

Pacific shrew

Front 8

Sorex palustris-common name

Back 8

water shrew
palustris-marshy

Front 9

Sorex preblei-common name

Back 9

Preble's shrew

Front 10

Sorex sonomae-common name

Back 10

fog shrew

Front 11

Sorex trowbridgii-common name

Back 11

Trowbridge's shrew

Front 12

4 species in family Talpidae

Back 12

Neurotrichus gibbsii, Scapanus latimanus, S. orarius, S. townsendii

Front 13

Neurotrichus gibbsii-common name

Back 13

shrew-mole
neos-new
oura-tail
trichos-hair
new hairy-tail

Front 14

Scapanus latimanus-common name

Back 14

broad-footed mole
scapane-spade/hoe
latus-broad
manus-hand

Front 15

Scapanus orarius-common name

Back 15

coast mole
scapane-spade/hoe
orarius-coasting/used along the coast

Front 16

Scapanus townsendii-common name

Back 16

Townsend's mole

Front 17

4 species in family Canidae

Back 17

Canis latrans, C. lupus, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, V. vulpes

Front 18

Canis latrans-common name

Back 18

coyote
latrans-a barker

Front 19

Canis lupus-common name

Back 19

gray wolf

Front 20

Urocyon cinereoargenteus-common name

Back 20

gray fox
oura-tail
kuon-dog
cinereus-ash-colored
argentus-silvery

Front 21

Vulpes vulpes-common name

Back 21

red fox

Front 22

1 species in family Ursidae

Back 22

Ursus americanus

Front 23

Ursus americanus-common name

Back 23

black bear

Front 24

3 species in family Otariidae

Back 24

Callorhinus ursinus, Eumetopias jubatus, Zalophus californianus

Front 25

Callorhinus ursinus-common name

Back 25

northern fur seal
kallos-beauty
rhinos-skin/hide

Front 26

Eumetopias jubatus-common name

Back 26

northern (Stellar's) sea lion
eu-well/typical
metapion-forehead
jubatus-having a mane

Front 27

Zalophus californicus-common name

Back 27

California sea lion
za-intensive
lopho-crest-high sagittal crest

Front 28

2 species in family Phocidae

Back 28

Mirounga angustirostris, Phoca vitulina

Front 29

Mirounga angustirostris-common name

Back 29

northern elephant seal
mirounga-seal
angustus-narrow crest

Front 30

Phoca vitulina-common name

Back 30

harbor seal
vitula-calf

Front 31

3 families in Artiodactyla

Back 31

Cervidae, Antilocapridae, Bovidae

Front 32

2 species in family Procyonidae

Back 32

Bassariscus astutus, Procyon lotor

Front 33

9 species in family Mustelidae

Back 33

Martes americana, M. pennanti, Mustela erminea, M. frenata, M. vison, Gulo gulo, Taxidea taxus, Lutra canadensis, Enhydra lutris
mustela-weasel

Front 34

2 species in family Mephitidae

Back 34

Spilogale gracilis, Mephitis mephitis

Front 35

2 species in family Felidae

Back 35

Puma concolor, Lynx rufus

Front 36

3 species in family Cervidae

Back 36

Cervus elephus, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus

Front 37

1 species in family Antilocapridae

Back 37

Antilocapra americana

Front 38

3 species in family Bovidae

Back 38

Bos bison, Oreamnos americanus, Ovis canadensis

Front 39

Bassariscus astutus-common name

Back 39

ringtail
bassara-fox
astutus-fox

Front 40

Procyon lotor-common name

Back 40

raccoon
pro-before
cyon-dog
lotor-to wash

Front 41

Martes americana-common name

Back 41

American marten
martes-marten

Front 42

Martes pennanti-common name

Back 42

fisher

Front 43

Mustela erminea-common name

Back 43

ermine

Front 44

Mustela frenata-common name

Back 44

long-tailed weasel

Front 45

Mustela vison-common name

Back 45

mink
vison-American mink

Front 46

Gulo gulo-common name

Back 46

wolverine
gulo-throat (as in gluttonous)

Front 47

Taxidea taxus-common name

Back 47

American badger

Front 48

Lutra canadensis-common name

Back 48

river otter
lutra-otter

Front 49

Enhydra lutris-common name

Back 49

sea otter
enhydra-otter

Front 50

Spilogale gracilis-common name

Back 50

western spotted skunk
silos-spot
gale-marten cat or weasel

Front 51

Mephitis mephitis-common name

Back 51

striped skunk
mephitis-noxious smell

Front 52

Puma concolor-common name

Back 52

mountain lion

Front 53

Lynx rufus-common name

Back 53

bobcat

Front 54

Cervus elaphus-common name

Back 54

elk

Front 55

Odocoileus hemionus-common name

Back 55

black-tailed and mule deer
oidous-tooth
koilos-hollow
hemionus-mule

Front 56

Odocoileus virginianus-common name

Back 56

white-tailed deer

Front 57

Antilocapra americana-common name

Back 57

pronghorn

Front 58

Bos bison-common name

Back 58

bison
bos-cow
bison-wild ox

Front 59

Oreamnos americanus-common name

Back 59

mountain goat
oros-mountain
amnos-lamb

Front 60

Ovis canadensis-common name

Back 60

mountain (bighorn) sheep

Front 61

Canid skull characteristics

Back 61

elongated rostrum, well developed carnassial teeth
size best character-

Front 62

Urocyon cinereoargenteus skull characteristics

Back 62

2-3 mm temporal ridges forming lyre pattern (U-shaped) on roof of skull, top of post orbital processes convex, 4 mandibular processes

Front 63

Vulpes vulpes skull characteristics

Back 63

<1mm temporal ridges forming V-or U-shaped pattern on roof of skull, top of post orbital processes convex

Front 64

Canis latrans skull

Back 64

upper canines longer than mental foramen in lower jaw, top of post orbital process convex, lobed incisors

Front 65

Canis lupus skull

Back 65

upper canines shorter than mental foramen, top of post orbital process convex

Front 66

Procyon lotor skull

Back 66

broad rostrum, palate extends far posteriorly, small post orbital processes, ridges on upper palate parallel to teeth

Front 67

Bassariscus astutus skull

Back 67

narrow rostrum, palate does not extend posteriorly beyond teeth, well developed connecting post orbital processes, large eye sockets, <1mm temporal ridges forming U-shape, ridges on upper palate perpendicular to teeth, not flattened

Front 68

Didelphis virginiana skull characteristics

Back 68

incisors 5/4
older individuals have prominent and rugose sagittal and lambdoidal crests

Front 69

didelphis virginiana skin characteristics

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cat-sized, pointy nose, unfurred black leathery ears with white edges, naked scaly prehensile tail, wooly underfur with coarse guard hair

Front 70

Talpidae characters

Back 70

no ears, single faceted condyloid, 1 projection at end of nose, non-pigmented teeth, weak zygomata, I1 unicuspid and of equal length and width in ventral view

Front 71

soricidae characters

Back 71

small ears, double faceted condyloid, 2 projections at end of nose, pigmented teeth, no zygomata, I1 bicuspid and longer than wide in ventral view

Front 72

Neurotrichus gibbsii skull characters

Back 72

bi-lobed basal projections on M1 & M2
thin only slightly bowed zygomata

Front 73

Neurotrichus gibbsii skin characters

Back 73

forehand longer than wide
smaller (<130mm)
tail sparsely hairy and tufted
black pelage

Front 74

Scapanus sp. skull characters

Back 74

simple basal projections on M1 & M2

Front 75

Scapanus latimanus

Back 75

total length >130mm
pelage lighter grayish with coppery wash
U5 & U6 appressed (crowded) sometimes only on 1 side

Front 76

Scapanus orarius

Back 76

pelage blackish to purplish black (often with indistinct white spots)
U5 & U6 evenly spaced
total length <200mm

Front 77

Scapanus townsendii

Back 77

pelage blackish to purplish black (often with indistinct white spots)
U5 & U6 evenly spaced
total length >200mm

Front 78

Canis latrans skin characters

Back 78

grayish, buff, pinkish, cinnamon, or brownish or combo of those colors, often overlain with blackish tipped hairs on muzzle, feet and dorsum
lips and eyelids black with white borders of fur

Front 79

Canis lupus skin characters

Back 79

pelage long over body and tail but short on legs and face, predominant color usually gray but legs, flanks and venter are sometimes yellowish or light brownish overlain by long, black guard hairs on dorsum, tail and mane

Front 80

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Back 80

pelage grizzled gray with stiff middorsal hairs with long black tips that extend onto the tail as a black mane, guard hairs are banded white (tips), gray and black
throat, venter and inside of legs are white
cinnamon-rufous border to white throat extends onto flanks and underside of tail

Front 81

Vulpes vulpes

Back 81

red, silver and cross color phases
red-deep rusty dorsally grading to rusty grizzled with white posteriorly and to a lighter rust along the sides, gray under fur, white belly, back of ears and front of legs black
our pelt has brown guard hairs with white tips

Front 82

Ursus americanus skull

Back 82

face convex, massive, prominent frontal ridges, heavy zygomata, strong rugose sagittal and lamboidal crests, cheek teeth flattish

Front 83

Callorhinus ursinus skull

Back 83

pinniped, rostrum pointy, palate deeply notched, homodont dentition, triangular postorbital process, 6 post-canine teeth

Front 84

Zalophus californianus skull

Back 84

pinniped, narrow, palate lacking deep notch, postorbital processes rounded on anterior edge, homodont, P4 & M1 separated by less space than the length of a cheek tooth

Front 85

Eumetopias jubatus skull

Back 85

pinniped, massive, postorbital processes squarish, homodont, P4 & M1 separated by more space than the length of a cheek tooth, long narrow palate extending far posteriorly to M1

Front 86

Callorhinus ursinus description

Back 86

pinniped, soft under fur, smallest member of family in OR, extreme sexual dimorphism, proportionately large flippers, coarse guard hairs with dense under fur, grayish-brown dorsally and reddish-brown ventrally

Front 87

Eumetopias jubatus description

Back 87

pinniped, largest member of family, sexual dimorphism, small rear flippers, light buff to reddish brown with darker ventral, appears white underwater, nose pad and flippers black

Front 88

Zalophus californianus description

Back 88

pinniped, mid-sized, considerable sexual dimorphism, short coarse pelage without under fur, chocolate brown, appears black underwater

Front 89

Mirounga angustirostris description

Back 89

largest pinniped carnivore along north Pacific coast, considerable sexual dimorphism, elongated tubular proboscis, uniform coloration, reduced pelage consisting of stiff hairs with little to no under fur

Front 90

Phoca vitulina description

Back 90

less sexual dimorphism than other pinnipeds, large rounded head with large eyes, short limbs, long overhairs with short under hairs, gray or brownish gray with numerous small spot of black that may form splotches

Front 91

Bassariscus astutus description

Back 91

elongate body and tail of approzimately equal length, tail has 8 dark bands alternating with 7 buffy bands becoming darker posteriorly, dorsum buff overlain with blackish or dark brownish guard hairs, belly is whitish or light buff, feet furred except pads

Front 92

Procyon lotor description

Back 92

moderately large, heavily furred, dark brownish-black eye mask, tail has 5-7 dark rings separated by light ray or tan rings, feet naked, hind legs longer than front makes rump taller than head when walking

Front 93

Martes sp. skulls

Back 93

low profile, 38 teeth, saggital crest extends <10mm beyond lambdoidal crest, well developed carnassial teeth, palate extends posteriorly well beyond cheekteeth, M1 has enormous medial lobe

Front 94

Martes americana description

Back 94

weasel-like with long body and pointy face, short legs, feet including pads furred, luxuriant pelage of dense underfur and sparse guard hairs, golden-brown to dark brown on feet and tail, head lighter than, throat and chest splotched with orange or yellow, small dark eye stripe extends upward from medial corner of each eye

Front 95

Martes pennanti description

Back 95

stockier than weasels, head pointy, body elongate and legs short, feet furred except for pads, pelage long except on face, long guard hairs, dark brown grading to black on rump and legs, tail black, face neck and shoulders grizzled, belly brown and irregularly splotched with white or cream in genital or chest regions

Front 96

Mustela sp. skulls

Back 96

<=34 teeth, flattened, small rounded-pointy postorbital processes,

Front 97

Mustela vison skin description

Back 97

largest of genus, more or less uniformly dark brownish-black occasionally with small white spots on belly, body elongate and cylindrical, short stout legs, tail bushy and about 1/2 body length, feet furred except pads, pointy nose, dark grayish underfur with luxuriant guard hairs, color darkens toward tip of tail

Front 98

Mustela erminea skin description

Back 98

smallest of genus, long cylindrical neck and body, short legs, short tail (<44%bl), brown back white-to-yellow belly in summer and some all white in winter, whole foot furry in winter and furry except pads in summer, tip of tail always black

Front 99

Mustela frenata skin description

Back 99

medium of genus, elongate cylindrical body, long tail (>44%bl), brown back, yellow-to-orangish belly, white chin, sometimes white in winter, always black tip of tail,

Front 100

Gulo gulo description

Back 100

largest terrestrial mustelid, blackish brown with pale stripe along sides from head or shoulders to base of tail, sometimes lighter face mask, bearlike appearance, relatively short legs and droopy tail

Front 101

Taxidea taxus skull

Back 101

34 teeth, M1 & P4 triangular, nearly equilaterally triangular post orbital processes, stout zygomata as wide or wider than braincase, palate far beyond M1, occipital and lamboidal crests

Front 102

Taxidea taxus skin description

Back 102

medium sized powerful mustelid adapted for digging, flattened body, short stout legs, forefeet partially webbed, long curved claws, long shaggy pelage mottled grayis blending to light tannish or whitish on belly, white stripe from nose pad to shoulders, face black with white splotches surrounding black spot on cheeks, feet blackish, tail short

Front 103

Lutra canadensis skull

Back 103

36 teeth, anterior edge of coronoid straight and at right angle to toothrow, somewhat flattened, short broad rostrum, pointy post orbital processes,

Front 104

Lutra canadensis skin description

Back 104

pelage dark brown with whitish lower jaw and lighter brown to tan belly, hind toes webbed, short legs, aquatic and terrestrial modifications

Front 105

Enhydra lutris skull

Back 105

32 teeth, molariform teeth strongly modified for crushing, anterior edge of coronoid process curved posteriorly and usually angled posteriorly >=15 degrees, large, left side bigger, low sagittal and lambdoidal crests, sometimes purple from sea urchin diet, two lower incisors scoop shaped and protruding

Front 106

Enhydra lutra description

Back 106

largest mustelid, large rounded head, short front legs, mitten like front paws, much of hind legs enclosed, tail flattened and not tapered, dark brown with head neck and shoulders lighter and somewhat grizzled in older adults

Front 107

Mephitis mephitis skull

Back 107

sides of posterior margin of skull slightly concave viewed dorsally, rostrum lower than forehead, inferior margin of mandible with distinct step at angle of jaw, heavy and angular, widest near posterior attachment of zygomatic arch, convex forehead, squarish posterior margin, sagittal and lambdoidal crests prominent in older individuals, lambdoidal margin overhangs base of skull, palate nearly even with end of toothrow, minute post orbital processes

Front 108

Spilogale gracilis skull

Back 108

flattened with rostrum nearly level with forehead, posterior margin convex, small post orbital processes, palate nearly even with back of toothrow

Front 109

Mephitis mephitis description

Back 109

house cat sized, pointy head, black with thin white stripe from nose pad to forehead, spot on pate, two white stripes extending posteriorly on dorsum

Front 110

Spilogale gracilis description

Back 110

smaller and more weasel like than striped skunk, black with three white spots on head, 4-6 white body stripes often broken into series of spots, distal 1/3-1/2 tail white

Front 111

Puma concolor skull

Back 111

incisors chisel like & in straight line, P4 & m1 highly modified for shearing, short rostrum, large & massive, large sagittal and lambdoidal crests, prominent nearly connected postorbital processes, stout zygomata,

Front 112

Lynx rufus skull

Back 112

incisors chisel like & in straight line, P4 & m1 strongly modified for shearing, short rostrum, medium-small, slight sagittal crest, moderate rugose lambdoidal crest, prominent and nearly connected post orbital processes

Front 113

Puma concolor description

Back 113

tips of ears lacking prominent tufts, tail >50% length of head and body, dense soft dorsal fur tawny to slate gray or reddish brown with whitish belly, mystacial region back of ears and tip of tail brownish black with white upper lip

Front 114

Lynx rufus description

Back 114

tips of ears with prominent tufts, tail <30%body but >50% hind foot, variously spotted pelage yellowish with grayish overtones in winter and with reddish overtones in summer, ear black with white spot on dorsal surface, tail black tipped dorsally and whitish ventrally, belly white with dark spots or bars, ruff of fur at sides of face

Front 115

Cervus elephus skull

Back 115

nasal and lacrimal bones separated by prelacrimal vacuity, upper incisors absent, canine incisiform, broad diastema, upper canine present, post orbital bar complete, massive

Front 116

Odocoileus sp skull

Back 116

nasal and lacrimal bones separated by prelacrimal vacuity, upper incisors absent, lower canine incisiform, broad diastema, no upper canine, post orbital bar incomplete

Front 117

Cervus elephus description

Back 117

no dark bands on chin or throat, long brown hairs on neck forming dark mane, conspicuous tawny rump patch,

Front 118

Odocoileus hemionus

Back 118

no dark band on chin or throat, no mane, white rump patch or none, tail black on dorsal surface or white with a black tip, antlers dichotomously branched

Front 119

Odocoileus virginianus

Back 119

no dark band on chin or throat, no mane, white rump patch or none, tail light brown on dorsal surface, white on ventral surface, antlers with all tines originating from a main beam

Front 120

Antilocapra americana description

Back 120

white on chin and throat divided by 2 or 3 darker bands, coarse pelage, dorsum light buff separated sharply from white venter that extends high on the sides, contrasting black and white throat patches, black patch posterior to nose pad, white rump patch

Front 121

Antilocapra americana skull

Back 121

no upper incisors or canines, vacuity between nasal and lacrimal bones, incisiform lower canines, broad diastema, males laterally flattened branched deciduous horn sheath over bony cores permanently attached to frontal bones, some females have cores and horn sheaths

Front 122

Bos bison description

Back 122

largest artiodactyla, shoulder hump, dark-brown pelage of neck hump and shoulders long and shaggy, short heavy legs, short tufted tail, short curved black horns on males and females

Front 123

Oreamnos americanus description

Back 123

stocky bovid with black scimitar-shaped horns, large black hooves, entirely white wooly pelage sometimes with scattered brown hairs on dorsum and rump

Front 124

Ovis canadensis description

Back 124

medium sized, largely browinish bovid with white rump patch muzzle venter and rear portion of legs, horns-males spiral outward -females recurve upward and posteriorly

Front 125

Ovis canadensis skull

Back 125

acutely triangular, massive spiral horns in males with adaptations for support, recurved horns in females, no upper incisors, lower incisors appressed, lower canines incisiform

Front 126

soricidae skull characters

Back 126

double pointed incisors, pigmented teeth, pointy unicuspids