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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- translates the research objectives into specific questions
- standardizes those questions and the response categories - fosters cooperation and motivation - serves as permanent records of the research - speeds up the process of data analysis - serves as the basis for reliability and validity measures |
functions of a questionnaire
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- determine survey objectives
- decide data-collection method - question development - question evaluation - gain approval from client - pretest - revise as needed - finalize and duplicate - gather data - tabulation and final report |
steps of questionnaire development process
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all, always, any, anybody, best, ever, every, most, never, worst
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words to avoid in question development
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- question should be focused on a single issue or topic
- questions should be brief - question should be a grammatically simple sentence if possible - question should be crystal clear |
do's of question wording
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- question should not lead the respondent to a particular answer
- question should not have loaded wording or phrasing - question should not be double-barreled |
do not's of question wording
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worded and structured in such a way as to give the respondent a strong cue or expectation as how to answer
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leading question
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has buried in its wording elements that make reference to universal beliefs or rules of behavior
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loaded question
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two different questions posed at the same time
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double-barreled question
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one that places undue emphasis on some aspect of the topic
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overstated emphasis
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- identify the surveyor/sponsor
- indicate the purpose of the study - explain how the respondent was selected - requests for/provides incentive for participation - determines if respondent is suitable |
functions of questionnaire introduction
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-screens
- warm-ups - transitions (statements and questions) - complicated and difficult-to-answer questions - classification and demographic questions |
flow of questionnaire
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- cover letter/opening comments
- introduce interviewer at beginning of survey - general purpose of the survey should be described clearly and simply - one or two sentences - prospective respondents must be made aware of how and why they were selected - ask prospective participants for their participation in the survey - qualify prospective respondents |
contents of introduction
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simple and easy-to-answer questions that are used to get the respondents' interest and to demonstrate the ease of responding to the research request
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warm-up questions
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statements or questions used to let the respondent know that changes in question topic or format are about to happen
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transition questions
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one whose answer affects which question will be answered next - instructs respondent to skip over or to bypass questions that do not apply to them
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skip questions
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almost always include demographic questions - are used to classify respondents into various groups for purposes of analysis
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classification questions
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used to ferret out respondents who do not meet the qualifications necessary to take part in the research study
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screening questions
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offers to do something for the respondent in order to increase the probability that the respondent will participate in the survey
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incentives
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respondent assured name not identified
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anonymity
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respondent's name is known by the researcher but not divulged to a third party
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confidentiality
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use of numbers associated with question responses
- numbers are preferred for two reasons: - numbers are easier and faster to keystroke into a computer file - computer tabulation programs are more efficient when they process numbers |
coding the questionnaire
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software programs allow users to use computer technology to develop and disseminate questionnaires
- advantages - easier, faster, friendlier, more flexibility |
computer-assisted questionnaire design
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