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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Previously healthy boy (not immunized) presents with sudden onset of fever, stridor and refusal to drink water. Dx?
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Epiglottitis (H.influenzae)
- only disease where the child looks so toxic and refuses to eat/drink and may drool. Not the case with Croup (child can still eat). |
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ARDS - adult respiratory distress syndrome Presentation
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ARDS - charactereized by Diffuse damage to the alveolar/capillary wall.
Four most frequent causes of ARDS are: Trauma, Sepsis, Shock, gastric aspiration. Histo Hallmark of diffuse alveolar damage is formation of Hyaline membranes within the alveolar cavities. - these consist of proteinaceous material of plasma origin and necortic debris from desquamated epithelium. Has a 60% mortality rate. |
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2 year old with a tumor of the kidney. Distinctive feature of this lesion?
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Wilm's tumor!
- contains embryonic glomerular and tubular structures embedded in a spindle cell stroma that may also contain smooth muscle, striated muscle, bone, cartilage, fat and fibrous tissue. Abundant clear cells - renal cell carcinoma Eosinophilic cells packed with mitochondria - oncocytoma Hamartomatous blood vessels - angiomyolipoma Necrotic bacterial forms in MCs - suggest Malakoplakia which can cause mass lesions in the kidney w/o being a true tumor. |
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NMDA Rs
vs. GABA and Glycine |
NMDA R - Ligant gate ion channel that permits the influx of Cations (Na & Ca). Cations entering the cell thru ion channels produce depolarization.
Anions entering the cell cause hyperpolariztion. GABA and Glycine R's are inhibitory AA Receptors. They allow Cl- influx --> hyperpolarization (or membrane stabilization) thus, preventing excitation of the cell. |
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6 week old infant - w/ a 10d history of coughing and choking spells. WBc is elevated with80% lymphocytes. Child is gasping for breath, exp. paroxysms of coughing.
Organisms isolated grow on Bordet-Gengou media. |
Whooping cough.
Bordetella pertussis - grame negative rod(coccoid). Encapsulated. Grows on Bordet-Gengou media (potato agar). |
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Munro microabscesses
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Small collections of neutrophils in the cornified epidermis = PSORIASIS
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Alopecia aerata
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Autoimmune attack on hair follicles.
- wide range of clinical severity. - eg: loss of sclap hair, entire body surface etc. |
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SEs of Tetracycline
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Photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri & a variety of maculopapular rashes.
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SE's of Metronidazole
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Development of convulsive seizures & peripheral neuropathy.
Also,produces a disulfiram-like reaction when taken with alcohol. |
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SE's of Fluoroquniolone
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Arthropathy, myalgias & leg cramps when given to children <18.
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Antihypertensives for pregnancy
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Mehtyldopa & Hydralazine are the safest.
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Pt with colorectal cancer develops endocarditis. Organism?
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Strep bovis
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Largest drop in BP (from the aorta to RA)
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Occurs in Arterioles (50mmHg drop)
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Agents lowering Digoxin levels
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Phenytoin & Sulfasalazine
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Drug causing Type 2 AV Block
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Metoprolol
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Valve insufficiency
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equals Regurgitation (not stenosis)
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Anthrax spores
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Most infectious in the Stationary phase of growth.
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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X-linked dz with a a triad of Thrombocytopenia, eczema & recurrent sinopulmonary infections.
Serum IgM levels are low but IgG, IgA & IgE are high. |
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Mycoplasma
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Lack a cell wall so they are indifferent to Penicillins.
Macrolides work! |
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N.meningitidis
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Can cuase a sudden, fulminant, life-threatening meningitis or meningococcemia with a vasculitic purpura and DIC.
Can be complicated by the fatal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndomre with coagulopathy, hypotension, adrenal cortical necrosis. |
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Coombs test
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Direct - testing for Antigen
Indirect - testing for Ab |
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Reovirus
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(rotavirus) - is ds and segmented.
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Cancer of the larynx
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Sq cell carcinoma - most frequent.
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Mucinous Cystadenoma
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Can progress to Pseudomyxoma perioteni - large amouts of gelationous, sticky, myxoid material fills the abdominal cavity and causes adhesion and obstruction of viscera.
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Edema in alcoholics. Cause?
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Decreased Plasma colloid osmotic pressure b/c the liver cant produce albumin.
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Severing of CN IX and X bilaterally
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Tachycardia with Hypertension.
Normally, IX and X firing rates increase when there is an inc in BP. Now, cutting them sends a false signal to the medulla of the loss in BP. |
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Weeping, vesicular, erythematous rash in a boy a day after playing with grasses.
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Spongiotic Dermatitis - contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
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Erythema nodosum
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Chronc inflmmation in the Subcutaneous fat lobules. presents as a painful nodules often with fever and malaise.
Common with infections and drug reactions. Not with contact dermatitis. |
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Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
2. Sq cell carcinoma of lung 3. Adenocarcinoma, bronchioalveiolar & large cell carcinoma |
No link to smoking.
2. Hypercalcemia 3. Coin like lesions. Adenocarcinoma also assoc with old COPD, granulomatous dz etc. |
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Laterally outstreched arm. Nerve injured?
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Axillary n. (Loss --> loss of deltoid function)
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Fragile X
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Ferric Fe (methemoglobinemia)
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Incapable of binding Oxygen. thus, their arterial O2 content will be low.
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Bladder rupture
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high Ammonia in peritoneal fluid
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Garlic breath
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Arsenic poisoing
Treated with Dimercaprol or Succimer. |