Mitosis

Front 1

new cells arise through the ____ of pre-existing cells

Back 1

division

Front 2

in animals, ____ leads to the production of sperm and eggs, which are gametes

Back 2

meiosis

Front 3

____ leads to the production of all somatic cells, which are all cells other than sperm and eggs

Back 3

mitosis

Front 4

____ is the division of the cytoplasm into two distinct cells

Back 4

cytokinesis

Front 5

mitosis and cytokinesis are responsible for three keys events in multicellular eukaryotes, what are they?

Back 5

1. growth 2. wound repair 3. reproduction

Front 6

______ reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Back 6

asexual reproduction

Front 7

a _________ consists of a single,long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins in a highly organized manner

Back 7

chromosome

Front 8

a _____ is a length of DNA that codes for a particular protein or RNA found in the cell

Back 8

gene

Front 9

each of the DNA copies in a replicated chromosome is called a ______

Back 9

chromatid

Front 10

two chromatids are joined together at a joint called the ___

Back 10

centromere

Front 11

growing cells alternate between a dividing phase called the ___ phase and non-dividing phase called ___

Back 11

alternate between the mitotic or M phase and the non-dividing phase called interphase

Front 12

___ phase is part of interphase, when DNA is synthesized

Back 12

S phase, or synthesis phase

Front 13

in what phase are chromosomes copied?

Back 13

in the S-phase of Interphase

Front 14

there are a total of 4 phases in the cell cycle- what are they?

Back 14

M phase, and an interphase consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases

Front 15

the ____ phase provides the time for the cell to grow and synthesize enough organelles for mitosis to take place

Back 15

Gap phase

Front 16

what does the mnemonic IPPMAT stand for?

Back 16

interphase is followed by prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Front 17

what are the 5 sub-phases of mitosis?

Back 17

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Front 18

mitosis begins with ______, when chromosomes condense into compact structures

Back 18

prophase

Front 19

prophase is marked by the formation of the _____ apparatus

Back 19

spindle apparatus

Front 20

the _____ is a structure that produces mechanical forces that pull chromosomes to the poles, and push the poles away from each other

Back 20

spindle apparatus

Front 21

in _______, the nucleolus disappears the the nuclear envelops disintegrates. kinetochore microtubules attach to the chromosomes.

Back 21

prometaphase

Front 22

in ______, centrosomes have moved to the opposite poles, and the kinetochore microtubules finish moving the chromosomes to the middle of the cell.

Back 22

metaphase "middle phase"

Front 23

in ____, the sister chromatids are separated, and chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Back 23

anaphase "against phase"

Front 24

in ______, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the spindle apparatus disintegrates. chromosomes begin to de-condense

Back 24

telophase "end phase"

Front 25

after telophase, _____ begins, and the cell is divided into two daughter cells

Back 25

cytokinesis

Front 26

in plants, the cell divides at the_____
in animals, the cell divides at the _____

Back 26

plant cells divide at the cell plate
animal cells divide at the cleavage furrow

Front 27

a structure composed of a DNA molecule and associated proteins is a _______

Back 27

chromosome

Front 28

the material that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes, consists of a DNA molecule complexed with histone proteins

Back 28

chromatin

Front 29

one strand of replicated chromosome is a ______

Back 29

chromatid

Front 30

the two strands of a replicated chromosome, containing identical genetic material

Back 30

sister chromatids

Front 31

the structure that joins sister chromatids

Back 31

centromere

Front 32

cylindrical structures that comprise microtubules, located inside animal centrosomes

Back 32

centrioles

Front 33

___ is a general term for disease caused by cells that divide in an uncontrolled fashion, invade nearby tissues, and spread throughout the body

Back 33

cancer

Front 34

____ is the process of cancer cells spreading from the primary tumor site and invading other tissues

Back 34

metastasis