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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
composition
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what matter is made of;
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properties
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what the matter is like; how matter behaves; earthquakes
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matter
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anything that has mass and volume
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mass
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the amount of matter in an object
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What does an object’s weight depend on?
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how hard gravity pulls on it
this will vary, depending on location |
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An object’s mass does NOT
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no matter where it is.
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volume
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the amount of space an object occupies
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atom
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The most basic unit of matter
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molecule
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a neutral group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
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At the smallest level, all matter is composed
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of atoms.
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All matter can be classified as either
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a pure substance or a mixture.
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pure substance
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a type of matter for which all samples have the same properties; they behave exactly the same way
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there are 2 types of pure substances,
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elements and compounds.
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elements
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samples of a substance that contain only one type of atom
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An element CAN’T be broken down into simpler substances
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by chemical means.
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allotropes
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different forms of an element in the same physical s
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compound
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a substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined
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Properties of Compounds
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every sample of a particular compound has the same properties as every other sample
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mixture
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a combo of 2 or more substances; each retains its individual properties
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In a mixture, there are no ______________between the different substances.
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Chemical bonds
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There are 2 types of mixtures
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homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures
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homogeneous mixture
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all regions of a homogeneous mixture are identical in composition and properties
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Homogeneous mixtures are evenly-mixed, or uniformly distributed, at the particle level, and are also referred to as
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Solutions
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alloy
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a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more metals
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heterogeneous mixture
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some regions have different composition and properties than other regions
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In heterogeneous mixtures, although the particles may appear to be evenly mixed at the macroscopic level, they are NOT
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uniformly-distributed at the microscopic (particle) level.
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suspension
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appears uniform while stirred; settles when agitation stops
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colloid
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contains tiny particles that never settle out
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Physical Separation
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we say that we separate them physically (without chemical reactions),
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Magnet separates mixtures
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Physically
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Filter
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Physically
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Evaporation
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Physically
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Chromatography
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Physically
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Distillation
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Physically
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Centrifuge separates mixtures
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Physically
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density of a sample of matter is
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he quantity of mass of that substance that occupies one unit of vol.; density is a constant ratio of mass to volume
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Formula for density:
(measures mass) |
D= M/V
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units for density are always
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mass / volume units
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extensive properties
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depend on the size of the sample
Examples: volume, weight, mass, heat content |
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intensive properties
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DO NOT depend on the size of the sample
Examples: density, temperature, hardness, color |
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physical properties are
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observed wo/changing the chem. composition of the matter
Examples: color, texture, mass, state of matter, melting point, elec. conductivity ductility, malleability, luster |
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physical properties for metals
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ductility, malleability, luster
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chemical properties
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hese describe how the substance reacts (or fails to react) with other substances to produce new substances
Examples: reactivity with acid, reactivity with oxygen (flammability) |
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physical change
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occurs when a physical property of a substance changes without any change in the substances chemical properties or composition
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