Miss O's Ogt Terms And Definitions

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Enlightenment

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Period of History, mid 1600's to 1700's; natural laws could explain why things were the way they were. Gravity, equality, natural rights, etc. These ideas helped inspire the American and French revolutions.

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Monarchy

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government by a king or queen; king or queen has almost absolute power

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Absolutism

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almost total power by the leader; kings during the 1600's and 1700's had absolute power

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French Revolution

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1789- middle class and peasants rise up against special privileges of the nobles and aristocrats; they demand equality and basic rights.

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Textile Industries

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cloth industries; where cloth is woven into a finished product

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Urbanization

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the large scale movement of people into cities; this trend began in the US in the late 1800's

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Laissez-faire

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ideas which states the government should not get involved or interfere in economic and business practices

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Monopoly

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where a business or company controls a market for a given product; monopolies are unfair business practices where a company drives the competition out of business or buys them out

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Knights of Labor

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one of the first labor unions in the US; organized in 1869, the Knights admitted both skilled and unskilled workers. The Knights pushed for shorter work days, child labor laws, and other reforms.

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American Federation of Labor

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Organized by Samuel Gompers in 1881, the labor union stressed economic and working place reforms. The union was made up mostly of skilled workers and was organized into separate craft unions

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Congress of Industrial Organizations

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Organized in 1935 by John Lewis, head of the United Mine Workers, the CIO was arranged not by craft but by industry and thus included both skilled and unskilled workers.

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populism

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movement organized by American farmers in the 1890's who wanted a number of economic and political reforms

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Progressivism

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the effort begun in the early 1900's to return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities and reform some of the injustices of American life. They pushed for reforms in cities and were active in literature.

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Spanish-American War

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1898. War with Spain over issues in Cuba. The US got involved when the ship, the USS Maine, was sunk. As a result of the war, the US gained territories in the Carribean and the Pacific area, most notably, the Phillipines.

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Imperialism

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the policy and practice of forming and maintaining an empire and seeking to control raw materials and world markets by the conquest of other countries and the establishment of colonies.

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Treaty of Versailles

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The treaty in 1919 which ended world war 1. The treaty represented the goals of England, France, and the US as they attempted to blame Germany for the war. In the end, the treaty was blamed as one of the reasons that WWII got started. The US did not ratify the treaty despite President Wilson's request.

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League of Nations

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An Association of Nations (1920 to 1946) established to promote peace and cooperation following WWI. It was not very effective in stopping aggression. The US never joined the league of nations.

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Russian Revolution

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In 1917, communists, under the leadership of the Bolshevik party (Lenin and Stalin) overthrew the Tsar, Nicolas II. As a result. the nation of Russia became the communist nation of the Soviet Union

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appeasment

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this was the basic approach by England and France during the 1920's and 1930's when hitler and other dictators began to get very aggressive. It was hoped that giving in to the demands of the dictators would satisfy their aggression and peace in Europe could be maintained

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Axis Powers

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The countries alligned against the allies in World War II, originally Nazy Germany, Italy, and Japan

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Wilsons 14 points

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President Wilsons post-WWI plan for world peace. The 14 points included a provisions against secret treaties and alliances, freedom of the seas, self-determination for all peoples, and the league of nations

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Pearl Harbor

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December 7th, 1941, the Japanese bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This act bought the US into WWII.

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Atomic Weapons

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Developed by the United States and used against Hiroshima, Japan on August 6th, 1945, and Nagasaki, Japan on August 9th, 1945. These two bombs led to the surrender of Japan and an arms race between the US and the Soviet Union.

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United Nations

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Developed After WWII in 1945 as a way to maintain international peace and security by collective action among the member states. The UN is comprised of the General Assembly and the Security Council which has permanent members- the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, and China

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NATO

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization established in 1949 as a defensive military alliance against possible soviet aggression. Each nation of the alliance pledged to come to the aid of the others if any of them were attacked.

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Warsaw Pact

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the soviet counter to NATO, established in 1955 between the communist nations under soviet influence.

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Chinese Communist Revolution

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In 1949, the forces of communism led by Mao Zhedong, overthrew the nationalists (non-communists) forces led by Chian Kai-shek. The new nation was called the peoples republic of china.

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Marshall Plan

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economic aid program to Europe between 1948-1951- following World War II. This was a plan to help Europe recover from the destruction of war and the help Europe resist communist pressure and expansionism.